Synoptic Problems: Collected Essays

✍ Scribed by John S. Kloppenborg

• Publisher: Mohr Siebrek
• Year: 2014
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 752
• Series: Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 329
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This volume contains a collection of twenty-one essays of John S. Kloppenborg, with four foci: conceptual and methodological issues in the Synoptic Problem; the Sayings Gospel Q; the Gospel of Mark; and the Parables of Jesus. Kloppenborg, a major contributor to the Synoptic Problem, is especially interested in how one constructs synoptic hypotheses, always aware of the many gaps in our knowledge, the presence of competing hypotheses, and the theological and historical entailments in any given hypothesis. Common to the essays in the remaining three sections is the insistence that the literature, thought and practices of the early Jesus movement must be treated with a deep awareness of their social, literary, and intellectual contexts. The context of the early Jesus movement is illumined not simply by resort to the literary and historical sources produced by Greek and Roman elites but, more importantly, by data gathered from documentary sources available in non-literary papyri.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Preface
Contents
Abbreviations
Introduction
Part I: SYNOPTIC PROBLEMS
1. The Theological Stakes in the Synoptic Problem
I
II
III
1. The Theological Description of the Evangelists’ Work: A Test Case
2. Theological Development in Early Gospel Literature
3. Some Theological Stakes in the Synoptic Problem
IV
Addendum
2. Is there a New Paradigm?
Goulder on Paradigms
1. Falsifiability: Goulder’s Popperian View
Are Synoptic Theories Falsifiable?
The Nature of Synoptic Hypotheses
1. The Minor Agreements and the 2DH
Is Goulder’s “Paradigm” New?
Is the 2DH Imperiled?
Conclusion
Addendum
3. On Dispensing with Q? Goodacre on the Relation of Luke to Matthew
Naming the Hypothesis
Preliminary Arguments
Challenging the status quo
Objections to the MwQH
1. Matthew’s Additions in the Triple Tradition
2. Luke’s Lack of ‘M’
3. Alternating Primitivity
4. The Coherence of Q
5. Brauchbarkeit
Unscrambling the Egg
The Coherence of Lukan Redaction
Petering Out
Addendum
4. Variation in the Reproduction of the Double Tradition and an Oral Q?
Six Models
The Problem of High Verbatim Agreement
The Social Location of the Synoptic Copyists
Addendum
5. Synopses and the Synoptic Problem
I. Neutrality in Synopses?
II. The Sequence of Columns
III. Pericope Division
IV. The Alignment of Parallels
1. Better and Worse Alignments?
a. Aland (Figures 2, 3, 4)
b. Huck-Lietzmann (Huck-Greeven) (Figures 5, 6)
c. The Sermon on the Mount at Mark 1:21 (Figures 7, 8)
2. Systematic Bias?
Addendum
Part II: THE SAYINGS GOSPEL Q
6. Symbolic Eschatology and the Apocalypticism of Q
Introduction
Eschatological Wisdom in Q
Nonapocalyptic Configurations in Q
Q’s Use of Apocalyptic Language
Symbolic Eschatology and Apocalypticism in Q
Addendum
7. “Easter Faith” and the Sayings Gospel Q
Introduction
Catechesis and Missionary Preaching in the “Second Sphere”
The Synoptic Passion Narratives and Q
Resurrection and the Hermeneutical Horizon of Q
Addendum
8. Nomos and Ethos in Q
Pharisaic Halakah and the Q-Woes
Q 11:39–41: On purifications
Q 11:42: On tithing
Q 16:16–18
A Nomocentric Redaction of Q?
Law and Salvation in Q
Addendum
9. City and Wasteland: Narrative World and the Beginning of the Sayings Gospel (Q)
Introduction
Reconstructing the Beginning of Q
The Beginning of Q and the Story of Lot
The Social Map of Q
Spatiality and the Narrative Map of Q
Addendum
10. Literary Evidence, Self-Evidence, and the Social History of the Q People
Introduction
From Text to Social Entity
The Instructional Layer and its Audience
1. Form, Content and Rhetoric
2. The Social Location
3. The Social Situation
4. Q’s Vision of the Kingdom and its Propagation
Rejection and Rationalization
1. Chreia and Q
2. Defining the Boundaries
3. Social Location of the Q People
The Final Redaction and its Public
Conclusion
Addendum
11. The Sayings Gospel Q: Literary and Stratigraphic Problems
I. Introduction
II. The Literary Analysis of Q
1. Late additions to Q
2. Redactional creations in Q
III. The Composition of Q
1. Models of Composition
a. A Single Redaction
b. The Formation of the Component Materials in Q
c. Stratigraphic Models
d. Interpolation Theories
2. Compositional Scenarios
a. Tradition-historical Approaches
b. Early Redactional Analyses
c. Five Recent Analyses
i. ARLAND D. JACOBSON
ii. MIGAKU SATO
iii. DIETER ZELLER
iv. JOHN S. KLOPPENBORG
v. RONALD PIPER
vi. CONCLUSION
IV. Method in the Analysis of Q
Appendix A: Schmithals and Schenk
Walther Schmithals
1. Formative Stratum
2. Secondary Christological Stratum
Wolfgang Schenk
Appendix B: Comparative Stratigraphy of Q
Sigla
Addendum
12. A Dog Among the Pigeons: The ‘Cynic Hypothesis’ as a Theological Problem
The Cynic Hypothesis
Reactions to the Cynic Hypothesis
1. N.T. Wright: The Wrong Stuff
2. Comparative Parity
a. The Dating of Cynic Parallels
b. The Culture of the Galilee
c. Diversity in Cynicism and the Cogency of Parallels
The Sub-Text of Criticism
1. A Cynic Q and Biblical Theology
2. Cynicism, Eschatology and Christology
3. Degrees of Deviance
Conclusion
Addendum
13. Discursive Practices in the Sayings Gospel Q and the Quest for the Historical Jesus
The Redaction of Q as Historical Constraint
1. The Constraints of Q’s Redaction
The Inscription of Q as Performance
Q’s Performance as Control
1. Jesus as Subversive Sage/Apocalyptic Prophet
a. Q 11:2–4
b. Q 6:20–23: The Poor and the Kingdom
c. Gos. Thom. 54
d. Q 6:20b (21–23)
e. James 2:5
2. Jesus, the Baptist, and the Call to National Repentance
Conclusion
Addendum
Part III: MARK
14. Egyptian Viticultural Practices and the Citation of Isa 5:1–7 in Mark 12:1–9
Isaiah 5:1–7 in the MT and the LXX
1. The Hebrew Version (MT)
a. General Structure
b. Notes
2. The Septuagint (LXX)
a. General Structure
b. Notes
Mark 12:1, 9 and Isaiah 5:1–7
Addendum
15. Self-Help or Deus ex Machina in Mark 12:9?
Mark 12:9 and the Original Parable
Self-Help in Graeco-Roman and Palestinian Law
Conclusion
Addendum
16. Evocatio deorum and the Date of Mark
Mark 13:14
Mark 13:1–2
Evocatio deorum
Evocatio and Mark 13:2
1. An Evocatio performed by Titus?
2. The Evocatio as a Literary Topos
3. Mark 13:2bc as an Allusion to the Evocatio
Conclusion
Addendum
17. Agrarian Discourse in the Sayings of Jesus
The Measure for Measure Aphorism: Q 6:38c || Mark 4:24b
The Measure for Measure Aphorism in Judaean and Mediterranean Contexts
1. Μέτρον as a Measuring Vessel
2. Point of View: Borrower or Lender?
3. The Uses of μετρειῖν in Legal Documents
The Measure-for-Measure Aphorism in the Jesus Tradition
Later Applications of Measure-for-Measure
Conclusion
Addendum
Part IV: PARABLES
18. Jesus and the Parables of Jesus in Q
From Parable to Didactic Narrative and Back
Between Jesus and the Parables in Q: Three Puzzles
The Function of “Parables” in Q
1. Parables in the Redactional Layer
The Children in the Agora
The Great Supper
The Slave Left in Charge
The Entrusted Money
2. The Formative Stratum
The Rich Farmer (Q 12:16–21)
The Mustard and the Leaven
The Lost Sheep and the Lost Drachma
The Kingdom, Jesus and the Rhetoric of Q
Addendum
19. The Parable of the Prodigal Son and Deeds of Gift
Types of Dispositions
Divisio inter vivos
The Younger Son
Addendum
20. Pastoralism, Papyri and the Parable of the Shepherd
Introduction
The Parable of the Shepherd
Three Models of Pastoralism
Ownership
Shepherds: Qualitative Aspects
Why did the Shepherd Seek the Lost? The Economics of Pastoralism
The Parable of the Shepherd
Addendum
21. The Representation of Violence in the Synoptic Parables
Force and Violence in the Ancient Mediterranean
Violent Gods and Heroes
Violence, Realistic and Imaginary in Mark
Force and Violence in Q
1. Q 12:33–34, 39–40
2. Q 12:42–46: The Slave left in Charge
Divine Force and Violence in Matthew
1. The Destruction of Opponents: Matt 21:33–22:10
2. Force against Insiders in Matthew
Conclusion
Addendum
Bibliography
Index of Modern Authors
Index of Ancient Texts
Hebrew Scriptures and Related Literature
Literature of the Early Jesus Movement
Targumim and Rabbinic Literature
Classical and Patristic Literature
Inscriptions and Papyri