Sustainable Technology and Advanced Computing in Electrical Engineering: Proceedings of ICSTACE 2021 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 939)

✍ Scribed by Vasundhara Mahajan (editor), Anandita Chowdhury (editor), Narayana Prasad Padhy (editor), Fernando Lezama (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 1205
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

The book includes peer-reviewed papers of the International Conference on Sustainable Technology and Advanced Computing in Electrical Engineering (ICSTACE 2021). The main focus of the book is electrical engineering. The conference aims to provide a global platform to the researchers for sharing and showcasing their discoveries/findings/innovations. The book focuses on the areas related to sustainable development and includes research works from academicians and industry experts. The book discusses new challenges and provides solutions at the interface of technology, information, complex systems, and future research directions.

✦ Table of Contents

ICSTACE 2021 Committee members
Preface
Details of Keynote Speakers
Contents
About the Editors
Analysis of Effect of Rotor Slot Shape on Torque Ripple in Induction Motor Using FEM
1 Introduction
2 Creation of Motor FEM Model
3 Mesh Generation
4 Flux Distribution and Torque Ripple
5 Conclusion
References
Comparative Analysis of Tensile Strength for Scrap Electrical Wire-Reinforced Concrete
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Experimental Investigation
3.1 Materials Required
3.2 Concrete Mix Design
3.3 Fabrication Work
3.4 Experimental Set-up
4 Finite Element Analysis
4.1 Material Properties
4.2 Modelling and Meshing
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Tensile Strength
5.2 Comparison between Rough and Non-Rough Surface of Wire
5.3 Failure Analysis
6 Conclusions
References
IoT and Cloud Network Based Water Quality Monitoring System Using IFTTT Framework
1 Introduction
2 System Model
3 Prototype of Advance Water Quality Monitoring System
4 Andriod Logical Developement Based on IFFT Framework
5 Real-Time Water Quality Mointoring Using the Developed Device and Android Application
6 Conclusions
References
Advanced Power Flow Management System for Electric Vehicle Charging Station
1 Introduction
2 Modeling of Fusion Microgrid
2.1 PV Array System
2.2 Modeling of Micro Gas Turbine (MGT)
2.3 Modeling of HESS
3 Advanced Power Management System (APMS)
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
Appendix
References
Analysis of Graphene Field-Effect Transistor (GFET) as a Sensor
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Result and Discussion
4 Temperature Versus Position in Channel
5 Field Versus Position of the Channel
6 Velocity Versus Position of the Channel
7 Electron Density Versus Position of the Channel and Hole Density Versus Position of the Channel
8 Conclusion
References
Optimal Location and Size of Multi-distributed Generation with Minimization of Network Losses
1 Introduction
2 Problem Formulation
2.1 Optimal Location and Size of DG
3 Methodology
3.1 Procedure
3.2 Procedure for Multi-type-1 DG Placement
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Size, Location, and Loss
5 Conclusion
References
Bi-q MSZSI Topology for Grid-Tied Inverter Under Ideal Grid Conditions
1 Introduction
2 Bidirectional Z-Source Inverter Configuration
3 Mathematical Analysis
3.1 Calculations for Bi-q MSZI Configuration
4 Control Methodology
5 Simulation Results
5.1 Simulation of Bi-q ZSI Configuration
5.2 Simulation of Bi-q MSZSI Configuration
6 Conclusion
References
ASIC Implementation of a 16-Bit Brent–Kung Adder at 45 nm Technology Node
1 Introduction
2 Physical Design Flow for the Design
2.1 Logical Synthesis Using Genus Synthesis Solution
2.2 Extracting DEF File from Innovus Implementation System
2.3 Physical Synthesis Using Genus Synthesis Solution Utilizing DEF File
2.4 Placing and Routing Using Innovus
3 Implementation
3.1 Functional Implementation and Verification on Xilinx Vivado
3.2 Logical, Physical Synthesis, and Routing on Cadence EDA
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Autonomous Vehicles: A Detailed Bird Eye View
1 Introduction
2 Technical Details
2.1 Environment Perception System
2.2 Position Estimation System
2.3 Data Fusion Algorithm
2.4 Testing AVs
3 Non-technical Issues
3.1 Public Health Issues/Ethical Issues
3.2 Legal Issues
4 Non-technical Solutions
4.1 International Standards
4.2 Testing Possibilities
5 Advantages
5.1 Effect on Pollution and Environment
5.2 Effect on Safety
6 Disadvantages
6.1 Effect on Cities
6.2 Effects on Privacy
7 Autonomous Taxi
8 Conclusion
References
Imperceptible Digital Image Watermarking Based on Discrete Wavelet Transform and Schur Decomposition
1 Introduction
2 Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)
3 Schur Decomposition
4 Proposed Watermarking Technique
4.1 Embedding Algorithm
4.2 Extraction Process
5 Simulation Result
5.1 Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR)
5.2 Structural Similarity Index Measures (SSIM)
6 Conclusion
References
Analysis of Effective Area Radius and Its Dependency on Soil Nature in Grounding System
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
2 Role of Earth Resistance
2.1 Measurement of Earth Resistivity (Wenner Method)
3 The Dependency of an Effective Radius on Front Time
3.1 The Expression for the Effective Radius [31]
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusion
References
Attack and Defense Methodology Against the Share Intents in Android
1 Introduction
2 Motivation
3 Literature Survey
4 Proposed Methodology
4.1 Implementation
5 Detection and Defenses
5.1 Detection Techniques
5.2 Defenses Against This Attack
6 Conclusion
7 Future Work
References
Comparative Study of Traffic Light and Sign Detection Techniques
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Experimentation
3.1 Detection Using Image Processing
3.2 Detection Using Neural Network
4 Results
5 Limitations and Future Work
6 Conclusion
References
A New Fuzzy Cascaded Controller for Hybrid Power System with Integration of FACTS Device
1 Introduction
2 System Investigated
3 Proposed Controller
4 Result and Analysis
4.1 PBT Case
4.2 BBT Case
4.3 CVT Case
4.4 Comparison with Previous Work
5 Conclusion
References
MATLAB GUI-Based Partial Discharge Localization in Power Transformers Using UHF Acoustic Method
1 Introduction
2 PD Detection Using UHF Acoustic Method
2.1 PD Detection Using UHF Acoustic Method
2.2 Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA)
2.3 PD Localization
3 Case Study
3.1 Testing at HV Side (400 kV)
3.2 PUMP Side
4 Conclusion
References
A Study and Investigation of Structural Parameters of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays as a Thermal Interface Material
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Effect of Compressive Stress/Strain on Contact Area and on Tip Contact Resistance
3.2 Effect of Mean Height of VACNT Arrays on Contact Area and on Tip Contact Resistance
3.3 Effect of Fractional Standard Deviation of Height of VACNT on Contact Area and on Tip Contact Resistance
3.4 Effect of Fractional Standard Deviation of Space Between CNTs on Contact Area and on Tip Contact Resistance
3.5 Effect of Outer Diameter of VACNT Arrays on Contact Area and on Tip Contact Resistance
4 Conclusion
References
Review on Reliability Assessment in Power System
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
2.1 Cyber Power System Model
2.2 Concept of Interdependency
2.3 Component Reliability Index
2.4 Reliability Block Diagram Based on Component Logic
2.5 Impacts of Failure of Communication Network
2.6 Strategic Reliability Analysis
2.7 Assessment Methods
2.8 Cost Reliability Measures
3 New Techniques and Conceptions Proposed for Power System Reliability
4 Risk Evaluation
5 Reliability of Hybrid Energy Systems
6 Uncertainty
7 Approach and Effect of Component Failure in Distribution Systems
7.1 Risk Evaluation in Distribution System
8 Reliability of Microgrid
9 Reliability Enhancement Strategies
10 Benefits
11 Discussion
12 Conclusion and Potential Future Work
References
Synchronization of Optimized Traffic Signals Designed by Webster Method Along Six Intersections of Raipur City from Sharda Chowk to Telibandha Chowk
1 Introduction
2 Objective for Synchronization of Traffic Signal
3 Study Specifications and Approach for Synchronization of Traffic Signal
3.1 Traffic Survey Procedure and Approach for Data Collection and Designing
3.2 Design Calculation Utilized for Traffic Signal
4 Evaluating the Pedestrian Timings for the Study Area
5 Evaluation by Floating Car Method
6 Conclusions
References
Comparison Between Incremental Conductance MPPT of Two-Phase Interleaved Boost Converter and Boost Converter Using MATLAB Simulink
1 Introduction
2 Mathematical Model of PV Module
3 Incremental Conductance
4 DC–DC Converter
4.1 Boost Converter
4.2 Two-Phase Interleaved Boost Converter
5 Simulation Results
6 Conclusion
References
A Novel Converter for Bidirectional Power Flow in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Systems Using ANN Controller
1 Introduction
2 Architecture and Operating Modes
2.1 Dual Low-Voltage Sources Powering Mode
2.2 Regenerative Mode at High Voltage
2.3 Buck/boost Mode with Dual Low-Voltage Sources
3 Converter Control
4 Simulation Results
5 Conclusions
References
Multiple Optimal Solutions for Optimal PMU Placement Using Graph Theory
1 Introduction
2 Illustration of Graph Theory Based OPP Method
3 Algorithm of the Proposed Method
3.1 Algorithm
4 Case Study and Results
5 Conclusions
References
LVRT Performance Enhancement of Multi-machine Power System with High Penetration of Wind Energy Sources Considering Fault Current Limiters
1 Introduction
2 System Component Modeling
2.1 Equivalent Circuit of Induction Machine
2.2 The Rotor Side Controller (RSC)
2.3 The Grid Side Controller (GSC)
2.4 Synchronous Generator Modeling
3 Fault Current Limiter (FCL)
4 FCLs for Transient Stability Improvement Analysis of Multi-machine Power System
5 FCL Parameter Selection for Multi-machine Power System
6 Simulation Results
7 Results Comparison for 3L-G Fault at Bus #5 in Multi-machine Power System
8 Conclusion
References
Comparative Analysis of Electromagnetic Forces on Two Different Structures of Sen Transformer
1 Introduction
2 Sen Transformer
3 Electromagnetic Force
3.1 Axial Force
3.2 Radial Force
4 Simulations
5 Conclusion
References
Eunoia: A Website for Self-CBT and Psychotherapy
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Objectives
4 Methodology and Features
4.1 Proceeding of Questionnaires and Evaluating the Results
4.2 Resources and Worksheets
4.3 Interactive Health Bot and To-Do List
5 Design and Implementation
5.1 Design
5.2 Implementation
6 Results
7 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
Performance Evaluation of Basic, Modified, and Advanced DC-DC Boost Converters Used with PV System
1 Introduction
2 Different DC-DC Converters
2.1 Simple (Basic) DC-DC Converter
2.2 Modified DC-DC Converter
2.3 Advanced Boost DC-DC Converter
3 Fuzzy Logic Controller
4 Designing Parameters of PV Panel and Converter
4.1 Specification of Different DC-DC Converter
5 Simulation of Different DC-DC Converters
5.1 Basic Converter
5.2 Modified DC-DC Converter
5.3 Advanced DC-DC Boost Converter
5.4 Fuzzy Logic Controller with Interleaved, SEPIC, and SCBC Converter
6 Conclusion
References
Energy and SLA-Aware VM Placement Policy for VM Consolidation Process in Cloud Data Centers
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Proposed Work
4 Experimental Environment
4.1 Experimental Setup
4.2 Datasets
4.3 Evaluation Parameters
5 Experimental Results and Analysis
6 Conclusion
References
Analysis and Prevention of Denial of Service Attacks in Smart Grid Using IoT
1 Introduction
2 Classification and Taxonomy of DoS and DDoS Attacks
3 Prevention of Denial of Service and Distributed Denial of Service Attacks in Smart Grid
4 Proposed System and Its Description
5 Procedure to Get Access on Remote Terminal Unit
6 Proposed Method for Prevention
7 Conclusion
References
Convolutional Neural Network-Based Contemporaneous Human Facial Expression Identification
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Proposed Approach
3.1 Usage of Haar Cascade for Face Detection
3.2 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
3.3 Skins Used
3.4 ReLU and Softmax Activation Functions
3.5 MobileNet (Version2)
4 Implementation
4.1 Data Acquisition
4.2 Imported Modules
4.3 Transfer Learning Using MobileNet V2
5 Results
5.1 Confusion Matrix
5.2 User Interface
5.3 Log File Generation
5.4 Performance Comparison
6 Conclusion
References
Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Artificial Neural Network and PI Controller
1 Introduction
2 System Configuration
2.1 Photovoltaic Panel Modeling
2.2 DC–DC Boost Converter
2.3 PI Controller
3 Proposed Artificial Neural Network
3.1 Basics of Radial Basis Function Artificial Neural Network
3.2 Design of the Proposed Artificial Neural Network
3.3 Training Data Generation
3.4 Training of the Proposed ANN
4 Simulation Results
5 Conclusion
References
Performance Analysis of DGFET, MESFET, and SOI on Varying Device Intrinsic Input Parameters
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Method
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Id–Vg Curve
3.2 Electric Field
3.3 Electron Density
3.4 Hole Density
3.5 Electron Energy
3.6 Electron Velocity
3.7 Doping Density
3.8 Conduction Band
3.9 Charge Density
4 Conclusion
References
Distraction of Experienced Drivers at a Construction Site Using Eye Tracker
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Driver Distraction
1.3 Past Studies Using Eye Tracking
1.4 Problem Statement
1.5 Objectives of the Study
2 Study Area and Methodology
2.1 Site Selection
2.2 Driver Selection
2.3 In-Field Experimental Set up
2.4 Data Extraction
3 Road Safety Audit
4 Results
4.1 Impact of Construction Activities
4.2 Analysis for Areas of Interest
4.3 Combined Heat Maps
5 Conclusions
6 Future Scope
References
Detailed Economic Analysis of Solar Rooftop Photovoltaic System: Case Study of Institutional Building
1 Introduction
2 System Description
3 Economic Analysis of the System
4 Result and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Multi-agent System for Energy Management of Renewable Energy in Domestic Cooking
1 Introduction
2 Induction Heating
3 Principle of Operation of Solar Induction
4 Energy Management System of Solar Induction Cooker
5 Simulation Model and Results
References
Hourly Load Forecasting Using Sequence-to-Sequence LSTM-Based Deep Machine Learning Model
1 Introduction
2 Sequence-to-Sequence LSTM Model
3 Dataset
4 Implementation
4.1 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Symmetrical Pulse Width Modulation Technique for Harmonic Elimination in PWM AC Voltage Regulator Using Random Search Method
1 Introduction
2 Working Principle of SPWM AC Voltage Regulator
3 Algorithm Based on RS Method for Evaluation of Optimum Switching Angles for SPWM AC Voltage Regulator
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Design of Three-Phase, 400 Hz Power Supply Using Three-Level T-Type Topology
1 Introduction
2 System Schematic Diagram of 400 Hz Power Supply
2.1 Three-Level T-Type Inverter
2.2 Calculation of DC Choke
2.3 Passive Filter Design
2.4 Calculation of Output Filter
2.5 The Control Strategy of the Three-Level T-Type Inverter
3 Simulation Analysis and Result Discussion
3.1 Results Under No-Load Condition
3.2 Results Under Full-Load Condition with R-Load
3.3 Results Under Half-Load Condition with R-Load
3.4 Results Under Full-Load Condition with R-L Load
4 Experimental Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
An Overview of Recently Developed Liquefaction Mitigation Methods
1 Introduction
2 Methods Newly Developed
2.1 Nanomaterials
2.2 Recycled Materials
2.3 Biological Materials
2.4 Partial Saturation Method
3 Cost
4 Conclusion
References
Review on Cybersecurity and Major Cyberthreats of Smart Meters
1 Introduction
2 Cybersecurity
3 AMI—Advanced Metering Infrastructure
3.1 AMI: Networking
3.2 AMI: Data Management System
3.3 AMI: Smart Meters
4 Cybersecurity of Smart Meters
4.1 False Data Injection (FDI)
4.2 Denial-of-Service (DoS)
4.3 Man-in-the-Middle (MitM)
5 Intrusion Detection
6 Conclusion
References
A Brief Review of Different Estimation Methods of SOC for Li-ion Battery
1 Introduction
2 Battery Management System
3 Battery Modeling
4 Estimation Methods of State of Charge
4.1 Conventional Methods
4.2 Adaptive Filter Method
4.3 Learning Algorithm
5 Conclusion and Recommendation
References
Various Machine Learning Techniques to Diagnose Alzheimer’s Disease—A Systematic Review
1 Introduction
2 SVM “Support Vector Machine”
3 ANN “Support Vector Machine”
4 DL “Deep Learning”
5 Ensemble Methods
6 Research Gap
7 Proposed Methodology
8 Future Scope
9 Conclusion
References
Technical Aspect of Water Resource Management of Aligarh District
1 Introduction
1.1 Population Growth of Aligarh and Increasing Demand for Water
1.2 A Framework of the City’s Water Resource Management
1.3 Dynamics of Aligarh’s Water Resource
2 Data Collection
2.1 Quantitative Analysis of Data
2.2 A Comparison Between Previous Data (Published in 2014) and Current Data
2.3 Qualitative Analysis of Data
2.4 Comparison Between Test Values and Recommended Values by IS 10500: 2012 for Safe Drinking
3 Result and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Flood Modelling and Simulation Using iRIC Model for Dhom Dam on Krishna River
1 Introduction
2 iRICNays 2D Flood
3 Area of Study
4 Methodology
4.1 Collection of the Data
4.2 Basic Flow Equations
4.3 Model Set Up
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusions
References
A Review on Performance and Reliability Aspects of Photovoltaic Modules
1 Introduction
1.1 PV Markets Top Ten Market in 2020
2 Photovoltaic Parameter
2.1 Photovoltaic Technology
2.2 Efficiency
2.3 Reliability—Accelerated Stress Test (Method to Investigate the Reliability)
3 Conclusion
References
A Game-Theoretic Approach for Enabling Peer-to-Peer Sharing of Rooftop Solar Energy
1 Introduction
2 P2P Energy Exchange Mechanism: Two Paradigms
3 Case Study
3.1 Local Grid Assets
3.2 ICT Framework
3.3 Energy Sharing Model
3.4 Cost-Sharing Model
4 Results
5 Conclusion
References
Recent Technological Advances in Solar Photovoltaic System and Its Applications in Building Integrated Photovoltaic System
1 Introduction
2 Modelling of Solar PV Module
3 Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT)
4 Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BPIV) System
5 Photovoltaic Cell Integration in Buildings
6 Economical Aspects of BIPV System
7 BPIVs Strategic Benefits
7.1 The Design-Related Benefits Include
7.2 Economic Benefits
7.3 Environmental Benefits
8 Improvement Factors of BPIV System
8.1 PV Development
8.2 New BIPV Materials and Technologies
8.3 Solar Cell Concentrators
8.4 Texture of Inverted Pyramid
9 Conclusion and Future Aspects
References
Performative Analysis on Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor by Varying Intrinsic Parameter
1 Introduction
2 Working of ISFET and Simulation Framework
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 I-V Characteristics of ISFET Device
3.2 Carrier Concentration and Potential Curve Along the x-Direction
3.3 Carrier Concentration Along z-Direction
3.4 Potential Along z-Direction
3.5 Carrier Concentration Along z-Direction for the Varied Drain Voltage
4 Conclusion
References
Alignment Format for Semantic Translation
1 Introduction
2 Quest for the Mapping Language
3 IPSM Alignment Format
4 Basic Translation Constructs
5 Example
6 Concluding Remarks
References
Topical Classification of Food Safety Publications with a Knowledge Base
1 Introduction
2 Related Works
3 Dataset Preparation
3.1 PubMed
3.2 EFSA
3.3 Summary
4 Ontologies
5 Proposed Approach
5.1 Named Entity Recognition
5.2 Candidate Generation
5.3 Graph Expansion
5.4 Candidate Ranking
5.5 Entity-Entity Coherence
5.6 Candidate Selection and Results Enhancement
5.7 Summary
6 Experimental Results
7 Conclusions
References
Comparative Study of Different Types of Slab Structures
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Statement of Project
3.1 Geometric Details of Structure
3.2 Material Detail of Structure
4 Methodology
4.1 Modeling
4.2 Load Combinations
4.3 Cost of Structure
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Maximum Nodal Displacement
5.2 Maximum Bending Moment
5.3 Quantity of Steel
5.4 Quantity of Concrete
5.5 Cost of Structure
6 Conclusion
References
Model Order Reduction of MIMO Linear System Using Grey Wolf Optimization
1 Introduction
2 Problem Description
3 Procedure of Proposed Technique
4 Illustrative Examples
5 Result Analysis
6 Conclusions
References
Smart Wheelchair for Specially Abled People
1 Introduction
2 Proposed Methodology
3 Component Description
4 Implementation of Proposed Model
5 Conclusion
References
Integration of Plugged-in Electric Vehicles for Load Frequency Control in Two-Area System
1 Introduction
2 Two-Area System Under Consideration
2.1 Modeling of Two-Area System with PEV
2.2 Aggregate PEV Model
3 Adaptive Droop-Based V2G Control
3.1 Idle Mode with Frequency Regulation
3.2 Charging with Frequency Regulation
3.3 Discharging with Frequency Regulation
3.4 Commute Profile
3.5 Initial SOC Model Based on Distance Traveled
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 Participation of PEVs in PFC
4.2 Adaptive Droop Control
5 Conclusion
References
Investigation on the Occurrence of Ferroresonance with the Variation of Degree of Transformer Core Saturation
1 Introduction
2 Rudenburg’s Graphical Method
3 Modeling of Nonlinear Characteristics of Transformer
4 Development of Ferroresonance Nonlinear Model
5 Ferroresonance Results and Analysis
6 Conclusion
References
Application of Modified Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Optimization of Reactive Power
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
2.1 Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
2.2 Literature Review
3 Modified ABC Approach
4 Mathematical Expression of Objective Function for RPO
4.1 Objective Function
4.2 Equality Constraints
4.3 Inequality Constraints
5 Experimental Verification
5.1 Experimental Setup
5.2 Outcomes for D = 10
5.3 Outcomes for D = 30
5.4 Outcomes for D = 50
5.5 Simulation Results in IEEE-30 Bus System
5.6 Simulation Results in IEEE-57 Bus System
6 Conclusion
References
Levy Flight-Based Crow Search Algorithm for Optimum Protection Coordination in Combined Overhead/Cable Distribution System
1 Introduction
2 Mathematical Formulation of OCR Coordination
2.1 Constraints
2.2 IDMT OCR Characteristics
3 Levy Flight-Based Crow Search Algorithm (LFCSA)
3.1 Basic CSA
3.2 Levy Flight (LF)
4 Case Study and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Optimization of Graphene Oxide Layer Thickness of ZnO-Based Hybrid Solar Cell Using SCAPS 1D: A Comparative Study on ZnO/GO and ZnO/SiO2 Hybrid Cells
1 Introduction
2 Experimental
2.1 Synthesis and Fabrication of ZnO/GO Cell
2.2 Synthesis of Graphene Oxide
3 Device Structure and Simulation Method
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Effect of Graphene Oxide Layer Thickness
4.2 Comparative Study on Experimental and Simulated Results for ZnO/GO Cell
4.3 Performance Comparison of ZnO/GO and ZnO/SiO2 Cell
5 Conclusion
References
An Algorithm for Estimation of Reference Current for a Shunt Active Power Filter with Active Compensation of DC Offset
1 Introduction
2 SAPF Controller Design
3 Proposed Algorithm for Estimation of Reference Current by Compensating the DC Offset in the Sensed Signals
4 Performance Evaluation
5 FPGA Implementation
6 Conclusion
References
Optimal Design of Controllers for Brix Regulation in Sugar Industry
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 PID Controller
2.2 Salp Swarm Algorithm
2.3 Genetic Algorithm
2.4 Simulated Annealing
3 System Identification of Brix Regulation System
4 Optimal Controller Design
4.1 Controller Synthesis Using Robust Time Response Method
4.2 Controller Synthesis Using Time-Domain Specifications
5 Results and Discussions
6 Conclusion
References
59 DNN Machine Translation for Indian Languages
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Literature Survey
2.1 Machine Learning
2.2 Deep Neural Networks
2.3 Sequence to Sequence
2.4 The Encoder
2.5 The Decoder
2.6 Projection Layer
2.7 Attention
2.8 Copy Net
3 Methodology
3.1 Pre-processing
3.2 Embeddings
3.3 Training
3.4 Inference
4 Testing
5 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Cyber Security for Smart Grid: Vulnerabilities, Attacks, and Solution
1 Introduction
2 Smart Grid Technology
2.1 Smart Grid’s Features
2.2 Smart Grid Model
2.3 Key Subsystem in Smart Grid
3 Smart Grid Security Objectives and Requirements
3.1 The Security Objectives of Smart Grid
3.2 The Security Requirements of Smart Grid
4 Security Challenges and Vulnerable Links in the Smart Grid System
5 Possible Threats and Their Categories
5.1 Types of Attackers
5.2 Types of Attacks
5.3 Attack Formats
6 Major Cyber Attacks on the Power Grid
7 Human Factor in Cyber Security
8 Solution to Smart Grid Security
8.1 Three Phase Strategy
8.2 Blockchain Technology
9 Conclusion
References
Descriptive and Comparative Analysis of YouTube Trending Videos
1 Introduction
2 Dataset
3 Methodology
3.1 Preprocessing
3.2 EDA
4 Conclusion
References
Phase Frequency Detector Using CNTFET
1 Introduction
2 CNTFET Working and Simulation Setup
3 Phase Frequency Detector
3.1 Design and Working
3.2 Dead Zone in PFD
4 Simulation and Analysis
4.1 Analysis
4.2 Temperature Analysis
4.3 Maximum Operating Frequency
4.4 Dead Zone
5 Conclusion
References
RTL to GDSII: Fully Digital Indirect Time of Flight SoC
1 Introduction
2 Working of iToF Circuit
2.1 Coincidence Detection Circuit
3 Physical Design Flow
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Front End
4.2 Back End
5 Conclusion
References
MOODY: A Natural Language Processing-Based Chatbot for Mental Health Care
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Objective
4 Methodology
5 Design and Implementation
5.1 Proposed System
5.2 Implementation
6 Result
7 Conclusion
References
Predictive Shift of Vehicles by Recent Market Trends
1 Introduction
2 Fuel Availability
2.1 Number of Charging Stations in India
2.2 The Number of Electric Vehicle Stations in Different Countries
3 Fuel Refilling
4 Environmental Factors
5 Social Structure and Acceptance
6 Fuel Storage and Efficiency
7 Driving Range
8 Energy Density of Fuel Types
8.1 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell
8.2 Li-Ion Battery Electric Vehicle
9 Combustion Engine
10 Durability Performance and Progress
11 Conclusion
References
Energy Management of Grid Connected Renewable Sources with Energy Storage Unit for an EV Charging Station
1 Introduction
1.1 Literature Review
2 Model of EV Charging Station
2.1 EV Load Demand Calculation
2.2 Solar PV Power Calculation
2.3 ESU Power Calculation
2.4 Grid Power
2.5 Operating Modes of Power Flow
3 Simulation Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Design and Techno-Economic Analysis of Electric Vehicle Charging Station for a Railway Metro Station Parking Area
1 Introduction
2 EV Charging Through PV Source in Parking Area
3 Modelling of Different Components of the Proposed System
3.1 PV System
3.2 Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)
4 Input Data and Control Strategy
4.1 Availability of Solar Energy
4.2 Load Profile
4.3 Grid
4.4 Control Strategy
5 Simulation Results and Discussion
5.1 Only Grid
5.2 PV-Grid
5.3 PV-Grid-Battery
6 Conclusions
References
IoT-Assisted Framework for Efficient Healthcare Monitoring and Alert Unit for a Patient
1 Introduction
2 Traditional Health care versus IoT Assisted Health care
2.1 Existing IoT Assisted Healthcare Applications
3 Design of IoT-Assisted Healthcare System
3.1 Selection of Wearable Sensor Nodes
3.2 Selection of the Gateway Node
3.3 Mobile Application Interface for Health care
4 Prediction Model Using Machine Learning
4.1 Mobile Application for the Prediction Model
4.2 Feedback Collected from Physicians
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Comprehensive Survey on Recent Trends in Optimization Methods and Different Facts Controllers-Based Power Quality Improvement System
1 Introduction
1.1 Flexible A.C Transmission Systems
2 Literature Survey
2.1 Survey on Optimal Location
2.2 Survey on Nonlinear Programming
2.3 Survey on Quadratic Programming
2.4 Survey on Linear Programming
2.5 Survey on Optimizing Flexible AC Transmission System Controllers
2.6 Control Stability of FACTS
2.7 Performance Evaluation
3 Conclusion
References
Speed Control of Brushless DC Motor by Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
1 Introduction
2 BLDC Machine Modeling
2.1 Transfer Function of BLDC Motor
3 PI Controller Tunning
3.1 Ziegler–Nichols Method for PI Controller Gain
3.2 PSO Algorithm for PI Controller Gain
4 MATLAB Simulink Model
5 Results and Analysis
6 Conclusion
References
A New Approach to Analysis of Disturbances in Generation-Deficit Regions Interfaced with a Large Grid
1 Introduction
2 I2 Versus overlineI
3 Analysis
3.1 How to find Iii2
4 Illustrative Examples
4.1 Example 1
4.2 Peculiarities of Events 3 and 4
5 Conclusion
References
Human Activity Recognition Using 1-Dimensional CNN and Comparison with LSTM
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Gap Analysis
4 Dataset and Features
5 Proposed Work
5.1 Data Preprocessing
5.2 Methodology
5.3 Model Architecture
6 Results and Discussion
7 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Optimal VA Loading of UPQC Using Rao-1 Algorithm
1 Introduction
2 Problem Formulation
2.1 Mathematical Modeling of UPQC-VAmin
2.2 Objective Function and Constraints
3 Optimization Techniques
3.1 JAYA Algorithm
3.2 Rao-1 Algorithm
4 Implementation of Rao-1 Algorithm for Optimal VA Loading of UPQC
5 Results and Discussions
5.1 VA Loading Analysis of UPQC Without Optimization
5.2 VA Loading Analysis of UPQC with Optimization
6 Conclusion
References
Effective Stabilization of the Retaining Wall with Inclusion of Geo-Cell: A Review and Critique of Research
1 Introduction
1.1 Abrasion Control
1.2 Ground Stabilization
1.3 The Retaining Wall
1.4 Slopes and Canal Protection
1.5 Reservoir
2 Properties of Geo-Cell
2.1 Deformation Properties
2.2 Mechanical Properties
3 Methodology
4 Review of Literatures’
5 Conclusion
References
Swarm Intelligence-Based Tuning of Hybrid Controller for Control of Neutron Density in Nonlinear Pressurized Water Reactor
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Method
2.1 Nuclear Reactor Model
2.2 Hybrid Control
2.3 Swarm Intelligence
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
False Data Injection Attack Detection Using Machine Learning in Smart Grid: Approaches, Datasets, and Comparative Study
1 Introduction
2 Analysis of Smart Grid Architecture
2.1 Advanced Metering Infrastructure
2.2 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Networks
3 False Data Attack
4 False Data Attack Detection Using Machine Learning-Based Methods: An Overview
4.1 Detection of NTL
4.2 Detection of FDI on State Estimation
4.3 Detection of FDI on Load Forecasting
5 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
A Protection Approach for Power System Fault Categorization
1 Introduction
2 Power System
3 Flowchart for Power System Fault Identification
4 Simulation Effects
4.1 Functioning During High Impedance Fault
4.2 Functioning During Multiposition Fault
4.3 Functioning Through Unlike System Voltage and Frequency
4.4 Functioning Through Unlike Short Circuit Limit
4.5 Functioning Through Capacitive Load Operation
5 Conclusion
References
Analysis and Simulation of Various Parameters of Mixed CNT Bundle for Interconnect Applications
1 Introduction
2 CNT Bundle Interconnect and Simulation Framework
3 Carbon Nanotube Interconnect Analyzer (CNIA)
3.1 Bundle Conductance
3.2 MWCNT Conductance
3.3 Bundle Inductance
3.4 Bundle Capacitance
3.5 MWCNT Thermal Conductance
3.6 Bundle Thermal Conductance
3.7 Bundle Propagation Delay
3.8 Drift Velocity
4 Results
4.1 Varying Bundle Width
4.2 Varying Bundle Length
4.3 Varying Bundle Height
4.4 Varying Bundle Temperature
5 Conclusion
References
Reliability Evaluation in Physical Power Systems and Communication Network for Protection Failures
1 Introduction
2 Reliability Prediction Using Monte Carlo Simulation
2.1 Probabilistic Approach
3 Reliability of Communication Network via Graph Theory
4 Case Study
5 Results
6 Conclusion
References
Metallographic Image Analysis for Quality Assurance of Metals: A Review
1 Introduction
1.1 Inclusion, Porosity, Crack, and Flake estimation analysis
1.2 Grain Analysis
1.3 Particle Analysis
2 Literature Survey
3 Methodology
4 Results
5 Conclusion
References
‘Smart Construction Safety Helmet’: a Construction Safety Tool Embedded with Health Monitoring and Salary Deduction Function
1 Introduction
2 Materials
3 Objectives
4 Problem Statement
5 Methodology
6 Result
6.1 Outcomes from the Perspectives of Respondents and Project Managers
6.2 Results for Finding Values of Performance Metrics
7 Conclusion
References
Analysis of Quadratic Boost Converter with PV and BESS Using SMC
1 Introduction
2 Conventional Boost Converter Circuit with SMC
3 Quadratic Boost Converter
4 Mathematical Modelling of Quadratic Boost Converter Using State Feedback Approach
5 Quadratic Boost Converter with Bess
6 Non-Linear Sliding Mode Controller for QBC with BESS
7 Conclusions
References
Thickness Control of Anti-Reflection Coatings Using TiO2/SiO2 Multilayer Films for Silicon Solar Cells
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Procedure
3 Results and Discussions
4 Conclusion
References
Implementation of Optocoupler Test Fixture in Incoming Quality Control
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Circuit Diagram of Test Fixture of Optocoupler
2.2 Current Regulator
2.3 Voltage Regulator
2.4 LCD Display
2.5 Pic Kit 3 Programmer
2.6 Hardware Designing of Test Fixture
2.7 Flow Chart
3 Simulation Results
4 Conclusion
References
Energy Resource Planning for a Rural Microgrid: A Sensitivity Analysis
1 Introduction
2 Energy Allocation Problem
3 The Sensitivity Analysis
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusion
References
Optimized Renewable Energy Resource Planning for a Rural Microgrid with Linear and Nonlinear Algorithms
1 Introduction
2 Structure of the Proposed Microgrid
3 Optimization Using Linear Programming and Genetic Algorithm
4 The Microgrid Energy Resource Planning Model
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References