Surface and Interfacial Forces

✍ Scribed by Hans-Jürgen Butt, Michael Kappl

• Publisher: Wiley-VCH
• Year: 2018
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 448
• Edition: 2
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

A general introduction to surface and interfacial forces, perfectly combining theoretical concepts, experimental techniques and practical applications.
In this completely updated edition all the chapters have been thoroughly revised and extended to cover new developments and approaches with around 15% new content. A large part of the book is devoted to surface forces between solid surfaces in liquid media, and while a basic knowledge of colloid and interface science is helpful, it is not essential since all important concepts are explained and the theoretical concepts can be understood with an intermediate knowledge of mathematics. A number of exercises with solutions and the end-of-chapter summaries of the most important equations, facts and phenomena serve as additional tools to strengthen the acquired knowledge and allow for self-study.
The result is a readily accessible text that helps to foster an understanding of the intricacies of this highly relevant topic

✦ Table of Contents

Content: Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Preface
List of Symbols
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Experimental Methods
2.1 Surface Forces Apparatus
2.1.1 Mica
2.1.2 Multiple Beam Interferometry
2.1.3 Friction Force Measurements
2.1.4 Surface Modification
2.2 Atomic Force Microscope
2.2.1 Force Measurements with the AFM
2.2.2 AFM Cantilevers
2.2.3 Calibration of the Spring Constant
2.2.4 Microfabricated Tips and Colloidal Probes
2.2.5 Friction Forces
2.2.6 Force Maps
2.2.7 Dynamic Modes
2.3 Optical Tweezers
2.3.1 Calibration
2.3.2 Multiple Traps. 2.4 Total Internal Reflection Microscopy2.5 Magnetic Tweezers
2.6 Summary
2.7 Exercises
Chapter 3 van der Waals Forces
3.1 van der Waals Forces between Molecules
3.1.1 Coulomb Interaction
3.1.2 Monopole-Dipole Interaction
3.1.3 Dipole-Dipole Interaction
3.1.3.1 Keesom Interaction
3.1.3.2 Debye Interaction
3.1.3.3 London Dispersion Interaction
3.2 The van der Waals Force between Macroscopic Solids
3.2.1 Microscopic or Hamaker Approach
3.2.2 Macroscopic Calculation: Lifshitz Theory
3.2.3 Hamaker Constants
3.2.3.1 Calculation of Hamaker Constants. 3.2.3.2 Combining Relations for Hamaker Constants3.2.3.3 Table of Hamakar Constants
3.2.4 Surface Energy and Hamaker Constant
3.3 The Derjaguin Approximation
3.3.1 The General Equation
3.3.2 van der Waals Forces for Different Geometries
3.4 Retarded van der Waals Forces
3.4.1 Screening of van der Waals Forces in Electrolytes
3.5 Measurement of van der Waals Forces
3.6 The Casimir Force
3.6.1 Casimir Forces between Metal Surfaces
3.6.1.1 The Effect of Temperature
3.6.1.2 Finite Conductivity of Real Metals
3.6.1.3 Surface Roughness
3.6.1.4 Casimir Force for Nontrivial Geometries. 3.6.2 Measurements of Casmir Forces3.6.3 Critical Casimir Force
3.7 Summary
3.8 Exercises
Chapter 4 Electrostatic Double-Layer Forces
4.1 The Electric Double Layer
4.2 Poisson-Boltzmann Theory of the Diffuse Double Layer
4.2.1 The Poisson-Boltzmann Equation
4.2.2 Planar Surfaces
4.2.3 The Full One-Dimensional Case
4.2.4 The Electric Double Layer around a Sphere
4.2.5 The Grahame Equation
4.2.6 Capacity of the Diffuse Electric Double Layer
4.3 Beyond Poisson-Boltzmann Theory
4.3.1 Limitations of the Poisson-Boltzmann Theory
4.3.2 The Stern Layer. 4.4 The Gibbs Energy of the Electric Double Layer4.5 The Electrostatic Double-Layer Force
4.5.1 General Equations
4.5.2 Electrostatic Interaction between Two Identical Surfaces
4.5.3 Electrostatic Interaction between Different Surfaces
4.6 The DLVO Theory
4.7 Electrostatic Forces in Nonpolar Media
4.8 Summary
4.9 Exercises
Chapter 5 Capillary Forces
5.1 Equation of Young and Laplace
5.2 Kelvin Equation
5.2.1 Capillary Condensation
5.3 Young's Equation
5.4 Capillary Forces Calculated with the Circular Approximation
5.4.1 Capillary Force between a Sphere and a Plane.