Surface Active Agents: Historical Perspectives and Future Developments

✍ Scribed by Guido Bognolo

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 142
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

The production and use of surface active agents have seen various evolutions over time, yet rarely, if ever, has this information been collated in one place.

Covering all surfactant classes in a clear and concise style, from their properties and applications to an overview of the evolution of their production processes, this book is a comprehensive overview of the field. It is both a record of important documents and intellectual property as well as a springboard for possible future developments.

Key features:

• Covers both man-made and natural surfactants

• Includes abundant references to production processes and developments of intellectual property

• Provides a complete background to the field of surface active agents today

From producers and formulators of surface active agents to professors and students of raw materials, this book is appropriate for both academic courses and industry professionals.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Part I Natural Surface Active Agents
Chapter 1 Soap, the First Man-Made Surface Active Agent
Chapter 2 Soap-Making Process and Raw Materials
2.1 Oils, Fats, and Fatty Acids
2.2 Alkali
Chapter 3 Later Soap Developments
Chapter 4 Naturally Occurring Surface Active Agents
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Saponins
4.3 Bile Acids
4.4 Phospholipids
Part II The Advent of Synthetic Surface Active Agents
Introduction
Chapter 5 Amphoteric Surfactants
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Amphoteric Surfactants Production Process and Raw Materials
Chapter 6 Anionic Surfactants
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Sulphated Oils and Fatty Acids
6.3 Sulphated Alkyl Esters
6.4 Sulphated Glycerol Esters
6.5 Sulphated Amides
6.6 Sulphated Olefins
6.7 Sulphated Fatty Alcohols (Alkyl Sulphates)
6.8 Sulphated Alkyl, Aryl, and Alkylaryl Ethers
6.9 Fatty Alcohols Sulphation Process and Raw Materials
6.10 Alkylaryl Sulphonates
6.10.1 Alkyl Naphthalene Sulphonates
6.10.2 Naphthalene Sulphonate-Formaldehyde Condensates
6.10.3 Alkyl Benzene Sulphonates
6.10.4 Alkyl Diphenyl Oxide (Di)Sulphonates
6.11 Alkyl (Paraffin) Sulphonates
6.12 Olefin Sulphonates
6.13 Methyl Esters Sulphonates
6.14 Isethionates
6.15 Dicarboxylic (Sulphosuccinates) and Tricarboxylic Sulphonated Esters
6.16 Sulphonation Process and Raw Materials
6.16.1 Alkylation of an Aromatic Moiety
6.16.2 Sulphation and Sulphonating Agents
6.17 Phosphate Esters
6.18 Surfactants Based on Amino Acids and Protein Hydrolysates
6.18.1 Acyl Taurates
6.18.2 Acyl Sarcosinates
6.18.3 Acyl Glutamates
6.18.4 Acyl Glycinates
6.18.5 Other Amino Acid Surfactants
6.18.6 Hydrolysed Proteins Surfactants
Chapter 7 Cationic Surfactants
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Cationic Surfactants Production Process and Raw Materials
7.2.1 Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
7.2.2 Ester quats
Chapter 8 Nonionic Surfactants
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Alkoxylation of Fatty Alcohols and Alkyl Phenols
8.3 Fatty Acid Esters of Polyhydric Alcohols and Their Alkoxylated Derivatives
8.3.1 The HLB Concept
8.4 Sorbitan Esters
8.5 Polysorbates
8.6 Alkylpolyglucosides
8.7 Amine Oxides
8.8 Ethoxylated Fatty Amines
8.9 Ethoxylated Methyl Esters
8.10 EO, PO, and EO/PO Homo- and Copolymers
8.11 Ethoxylated Mercaptans
8.12 Nonionic Surfactants Production Process and Raw Materials
8.12.1 Alkylphenols and Alkyl Naphthols
8.12.2 Fatty Alcohols
8.12.2.1 Natural Fatty Alcohols
8.12.2.2 Synthetic Fatty Alcohols
8.12.3 EO
8.12.4 PO
8.12.5 Fatty Acids
8.12.6 Fatty Amines
Chapter 9 Other Surfactants
9.1 Silicone-Based Surfactants
9.2 Fluorosurfactants
9.3 Acetylenic Surfactants
Part III Washing and Cleaning Habits
Chapter 10 Washing Linen and Clothes
Chapter 11 Body Washing and Personal Hygiene
Index