Supercritical Fluids: Fundamentals for Application

✍ Scribed by Johanna M. H. Levelt Sengers (auth.), Erdogan Kiran, Johanna M. H. Levelt Sengers (eds.)

• Publisher: Springer Netherlands
• Year: 1994
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 775
• Series: NATO ASI Series 273
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Supercritical fluids which are neither gas nor liquid, but can be compressed gradually from low to high density, are gaining increasing importance as tunable solvents and reaction media in the chemical process industry. By adjusting the pressure, or more strictly the density, the properties of these fluids are customized and manipulated for the particular process at hand, be it a physical transformation, such as separation or solvation, or a chemical transformation, such as a reaction or reactive extraction. Supercritical fluids, however, differ from both gases and liquids in many respects. In order to properly understand and describe their properties, it is necessary to know the implications of their nearness to criticality, to be aware of the complex types of phase separation (including solid phases) that occur when the components of the fluid mixture are very different from each other, and to develop theories that can cope with the large differences in molecular size and shape of the supercritical solvent and the solutes that are present.

✦ Table of Contents

Front Matter....Pages i-xvi
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Critical Behavior of Fluids: Concepts and Applications....Pages 3-38
The Classical Theory of Critical Points....Pages 39-64
Understanding Phase Diagrams....Pages 65-89
Physico-Chemical Properties and Phase Equilibria of Pure Fluids and Fluid Mixtures at High Pressures....Pages 91-115
Multiphase Equilibria in Near-Critical Solvents....Pages 117-145
Equations of State for Phase Equilibrium Computations....Pages 147-175
Mixing Rules for the Estimation of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Highly Non-Ideal Mixtures Using Cubic Equations of State....Pages 177-188
Front Matter....Pages 189-189
Thermodynamics and Fluctuation Solution Theory with Some Applications to Systems at Near- or Supercritical Conditions....Pages 191-229
Effects of Critical Fluctuations on the Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Supercritical Fluids....Pages 231-271
On Correlating the Transport Properties of Supercritical Fluids....Pages 273-283
Front Matter....Pages 285-285
Introduction to Integral Equation Approximations with Application to Near-Critical and Supercritical Fluids....Pages 287-311
On the Non-Solution Region of the Hypernetted Chain and Related Equations for Ionic and Simple Fluids....Pages 313-323
Critical Behavior in Modern Liquid State Theories....Pages 325-363
Integral Equations for the Microstructures of Supercritical Fluids....Pages 365-383
Front Matter....Pages 385-385
Molecular Simulation of Near-Critical and Supercritical Fluids....Pages 387-409
Molecular Simulation of Phase Equilibria....Pages 411-437
Solute-Solute Interactions: Theory and Simulations....Pages 439-445
Front Matter....Pages 447-447
Reactions in Supercritical Fluids....Pages 449-479
Kinetics and Selectivity of Chemical Processes in Fluid Phases....Pages 481-497
Absorption Spectroscopy in Fluid Phases....Pages 499-526
Front Matter....Pages 447-447
Spectroscopy and Chemistry in Supercritical Fluids....Pages 527-537
Front Matter....Pages 539-539
Polymer Formation, Modifications and Processing in or with Supercritical Fluids....Pages 541-588
Optimizing Properties of Polymer Systems....Pages 589-598
Copolymer Solution Behavior in Supercritical Fluids....Pages 599-617
Density-Tuned Phase Behavior of Polyolefin Solutions in Supercritical Olefins: Toward Macromolecular Separations....Pages 619-627
Front Matter....Pages 629-629
Current Challenges in Thermodynamics of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography....Pages 631-639
Effect of Phase Behavior on Supercritical Fluid Chromatographic and Extraction Performance....Pages 641-652
Scale up of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC)....Pages 653-668
Fundamentals of Solids Extraction by Supercritical Fluids....Pages 669-695
Extraction and Destruction of Waste with Supercritical Water....Pages 697-705
Predicting Oxide Solubilities in Supercritical Water....Pages 707-717
Supercritical Fluids as Particle Formation Media....Pages 719-729
Interfacial Tension in Binary Systems Containing a Dense Gas....Pages 731-738
Applications of Fluid Mixtures and Supercritical Solvents: A Survey....Pages 739-757
Front Matter....Pages 759-759
FUTURE DIRECTIONS — A Summary of the Final Discussions....Pages 761-771
Back Matter....Pages 773-796

✦ Subjects

Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering; Condensed Matter Physics; Polymer Sciences