✦ LIBER ✦

Substance abuse and movement disorders

✍ Scribed by John C.M. Brust

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons
Year: 2010
Tongue: English
Weight: 114 KB
Volume: 25
Category: Article
ISSN: 0885-3185
DOI: 10.1002/mds.22599

No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.

✦ Synopsis

Abstract

An array of movement disorders is associated with ethanol, illicit drugs, and tobacco. Heavy ethanol users experience withdrawal tremor and, less often, withdrawal parkinsonism, chorea, and myoclonus. Asterixis is a feature of hepatic failure. On the other hand, ethanol can ameliorate essential tremor and myoclonus‐dystonia. Among opioid drugs, meperidine can precipitate myoclonus. Severe parkinsonism affected users of a synthetic meperidine analog contaminated with 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine. Spongiform leukoencephalopathy, sometimes with chorea and myoclonus, occurred in inhalers of heroin vapor (chasing the dragon). Psychostimulants including cocaine acutely cause stereotypies and dyskinesias. Phencyclidine toxicity causes myoclonus. Tobacco use, on the other hand, protects against Parkinson's disease. Clinicians need to consider substance abuse in patients with unexplained movement disorders. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society.

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