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STUDIES OF STRESS CONCENTRATION BY USING SPECIAL HYBRID STRESS ELEMENTS

✍ Scribed by ZONGSHU TIAN; JINSONG LIU; LIN YE; THEODORE H. H. PIAN

Publisher
John Wiley and Sons
Year
1997
Tongue
English
Weight
153 KB
Volume
40
Category
Article
ISSN
0029-5981

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✦ Synopsis

The stresses around rectangular holes of rounded corners and rounded notches are analysed by using the combination of three kinds of three-dimensional special hybrid stress ΓΏnite elements. One kind of threedimensional hybrid stress ΓΏnite element with a traction-free inclined surface has been developed here based on an extended Hellinger-Reissner principle by a rational approach. Other two kinds of 12-node threedimensional hybrid stress elements with a traction-free cylindrical surface and a traction-free perpendicular surface, respectively, were derived based on the Hellinger-Reissner principle. Examples have indicated that the combination of these special solid elements is far superior in predicting the stress concentration factors, the distributions of circumferential stresses and normal stresses for solids with holes and notches. ?

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## Abstract A new in situ microscope (ISM) was developed and tested to perform in‐line monitoring of average cell volume and cell concentration in agitated cultures subjected to osmotic stress. The ISM is directly immersed into the agitated broth in a bioreactor and generates still images of cells