Abstract
Recently, apatiteβtype germanates La~9.33+~~x~Ge~6~O~26+3~~x~~/2~ have attracted considerable interest due to their high oxide ion conductivities. Research has shown that the key defects are oxide ion interstitials which lead to the conversion of some of the GeO~4~ units to GeO~5~. Consequently there has been a large interest in the preparation of high oxygen excess samples with high defect concentration. This strategy, however, leads to a reduction in symmetry from hexagonal to triclinic for xβ>β0.4, and consequently to reduced oxide ion conductivity at low temperatures. We present doping strategies to stabilise the hexagonal lattice, while maintaining high oxygen content. In particular, partial substitution of La by smaller rare earths (Y, Yb) is shown to be successful in preparing xβ=β0.67 samples with hexagonal symmetry and hence highΒ conductivities. In addition, doping on the Ge site withΒ Ti, Nb or W, has been shown to be similarly successful, leading to very high oxygen contents for W doping, e.g. La~10~Ge~5.5~W~0.5~O~27.5~. In the case of Ti doping, however, thereΒ was some evidence for trapping of the interstitial oxide ions around the Ti. Preliminary results on the effect ofΒ similar doping strategies on Pr, Nd germanates (Pr/Nd)~9.33+~~x~Ge~6~O~26+3~~x~~/2~, are also discussed.