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Spirobinaphthopyrans: Synthesis, x-ray crystal structure, separation of enantiomers, and barriers to thermal racemization

✍ Scribed by Linda Lončar-Tomašković; Klaus Lorenz; Antonija Hergold-Brundić; Draginja Mrvoš-Sermek; Ante Nagl; Mladen Mintas; Albrecht Mannschreck


Publisher
John Wiley and Sons
Year
1999
Tongue
English
Weight
263 KB
Volume
11
Category
Article
ISSN
0899-0042

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✦ Synopsis


Chiral spirobinaphtopyrans 1-9 were synthesised using the acid catalyzed aldol condensation of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde or 1-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde with the appropriate ketone and subsequent reaction of the isolated pyrylium salt with base. Separation or enrichment of enantiomers was accomplished by low-pressure liquid chromatography (LPLC) on triacetylcellulose, tribenzoylcellulose, or (+)-poly(triphenylmethyl methacrylate) on SiO 2 . The barriers to thermal racemization were determined by dynamic 1 H NMR measurements and by on-line or off-line measurements of the enriched enantiomers after LPLC. Barriers to thermal racemization for reversible cleavage of the C spiro -O bond in 1-9 were found to be in the range 85-105 kJ/mol and are rationalized by steric and electronic effects. The ⌬G values decrease with decreasing length of the bridge or decreasing size of substituents in the 3 and 3Ј positions. Therefore, ⌬G for 7>9>6, 3>2, and 4>1. Geometrical data from X-ray crystal structure analysis show that the mean value of the C spiro -O bond length in the spirobibenzopyran 14 is shorter, i.e., the bond is stronger than that in the spirobinaphtho derivatives 4, 3, and 6. This bond-length shortening is explained by the weaker conjugation of the oxygen -lone electron pair with the -system of the benzene ring in 14 compared to the naphthalene moiety in 3, 4, and 6.


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Table 1. Kinetic data of four alternative modes of C-C bond cleavage in 1 ( T = 3 0 0 K ) [ a ] . Mode of t , 2 [ b ] AH\* AS\* ACToo AG,,,[c] cleavage b i n 1 [kcal [cal K -' [kcal [kcal rnol-'] mol-'] mol-'1 mol-'1 Homolytic 1 . 7 ~ 10' 45.6 38 34.2 34 Heterolytic 8 . 2 ~ lo3 22.5 -13 26.4 37 Anio