✍ Scribed by Stuart, David I. ;Jones, E. Yvonne ;Wilson, Keith S. ;Daenke, Susan
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
The concept of structural genomics arose in the mid to late 1990s in the USA and Japan as a response to the success of high-throughput (HTP) sequencing methods applied to whole genomes (see http://www.isgo.org). It was imagined that similar HTP methods could be applied to obtain three-dimensional structures of all the proteins (the 'proteome') of an organism, which would in particular be an efficient way of filling in the gaps in observed 'fold-space'. This vision led to the investment of substantial sums of money into large-scale structural genomics projects in the USA [e.g. nine projects funded by the NIH/NIGMS Protein Structure Initiative (PSI) from September 2000 to June 2005, http://www.nigms.nih.gov/psi/] and Japan (e.g. the massive RIKEN project, http:// www.rsgi.riken.go.jp/). These were characterized by the concentration of resources into a small number of large centres, the development of novel, automated technologies to permit a HTP pipeline approach to structure determination, and a focus on novel folds as the major target criteria. The US-based projects, in addition, required immediate public deposition of structural data whereas the Japanese RIKEN project also aimed to support Japanese industry, precluding deposition in advance of patent evaluation.
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