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REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY
SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS
EDITOR: Frank C. Hawthorne
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ii
Reviews in Mineralogy
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SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS in Mineralogy and Geology
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REVIEWS in MINERALOGY, Volume 18
FOREWORD
T ABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1
G. Calas and F. C. Hawthorne
INTRODUCTION TO SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS
Chapter 2
P. F. McMillan and A. C. Hess
SYMMETRY, GROUP THEORY AND
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Chapter 3
F. C. Hawthorne and G. A. Waychunas
SPECTRUM-FITTING METHODS
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Chapter 4
P. F. McMillan and A. M. Hofmeister
INFRARED AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
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Chapter 5
Subrata Ghose
INELASTIC NEUTRON SCATTERING
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185 Ferromagnets Antiferromagnets and ferrimagnets
Chapter 6
George R. Rossman
VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY OF
Chapter 7
George R. Rossman
OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY
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Chapter 8
Frank C. Hawthorne
MbsSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY
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Chapter 9
R. James Kirkpatrick
MAS NMR SPECTROSCOPY OF MINERALS
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Chapter 10
Jonathan F. Stebbins
NMR SPECTROSCOPY AND DYNAMIC PROCESSES
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Chapter 11
G. E. Brown, Jr., G. Calas,
X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY AND ITS
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Chapter 12
Georges Calas
ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE
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Chapter 13
Michael F. Hochella, Jr.
AUGER ELECTRON AND X-RAY
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592 The Auger parameter
593 Chemical shift and shapes of Auger lines
597 eon centric hemispherical analyzer (eHA)
599 Cylindrical mirror analyzer (eMA)
599 General comments on electron energy analyzers
600 Fast entry locks
600 X-ray monochromaters
601 Ion guns
603 Chemical quantification inXPS
604 Chemical quantification in electron stimulated AES
605 Electron induced charging
607 Electron induced damage
609 Angle resolved surface analysis
609 Ion sputtering
Chapter 14
Glenn A. Waychunas
LUMINESCENCE, X-RAY EMISSION AND
653 Apatite
655 Cassiterite Fluorite Calcite and other carbonates
656 Feldspars
658 Forsterite Pyroxenes Quartz
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Chapter 1 G. Calas and F. C. Hawthorne
INTRODUCTION TO SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS
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[1]
p = tlk
[2]
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Figure 1.
The electromagnetic spectrum.
Tables
Table 1
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1
Tables
Table 1
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FMR
IR
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(;'
~
o
-4 0
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Chapter 2
P. F. McMillan and A. C. Hess
QUANTUM MECHANICS
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o
i
A =
o
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l1l2~ + 112~ +
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o
Tables
Table 1
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16
--------l----------
o
(a)
(b)
z
'.J
....
x
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Table 1
Table 2
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Table 1
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20
o
s r:"
v
V =3
V=2
V=1
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
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(l)V eY
1
Tables
Table 1
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o
-loa
-zoo
(v + 112)
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Table 1
Table 2
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I *
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ms =+1/2
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Table 1
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33
F
B
F/
8.
9.
7.
6
6
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6
35
6
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36
(J(XZ)
j
O(xy)
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Tables
Table 1
REV018C002_p39-62.pdf
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Tables
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[~]
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Table 1
Table 2
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Table 2
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r
\
r
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Table 1
Table 2
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Table 1
Table 2
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Table 1
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o
\
o
Tables
Table 1
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h
i () = h
o
(, h
r
\
Tables
Table 1
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1
1
h
\
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
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r
Tables
Table 1
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Tables
Table 1
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"nm
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Chapter 3
F. C. Hawthorne and G. A. Waychunas
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Tables
Table 1
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8(1)'
-, -,
8(2)'
(b)
B(1)'
B(2)'
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P(X. n, p) = (¥) pX(l_p)"-x
(1)
(3)
X = µ ~)
(5)
µ = X
(6)
r = 2.354 a
(7)
Tables
Table 1
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P(x, µ, n = 1f 2 2 (8)
(x-µ) + tr 12)
y=mx+c
(9)
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-r
-r/2
o
r
( (n) n-x
a.J21l 2 a
Tables
Table 1
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y
x~
y = Hx]
(10)
(11)
y(x) = fo(x)
(12)
1 [1 (Y. -Y(Xi})2]
p. = -- exp - - _1__ (13)
1 o.lli 2 0i
P(fo) = Pi = * 1 exp[- 1 ~ (Yi-Y(~))2]
(14)
P(f) = * 1 exp[- 1 ~ (BYi)2]
(15)
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(16)
MINIMIZATION METHODS
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Tables
Table 1
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(17)
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(18)
ax2 x2(a. + wlia.) - x2a
(IiX 2). = _ rv J J J
J aaj wliaj
(19)
o
(i
l,n)
(20)
(21)
l,n)
(22)
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. (23)
or
R = a M
(24)
Mjk = .~ [ 12 [i(Xi) fk(Xi)]
aMM-I = RWI = a
(27)
aJ = 2: Rk M k
(28)
(29)
Tables
Table 1
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y(x)
(30)
in y(x) = in a + bx (31)
y(x)
(32)
y(x) = y(a) + y'(a) (x-a) +
yn'(a) Ix-al" + ...
+ n!
(33)
(34)
1 ( n [ay lx.l 2]
02 Yj-y)x) -.2: ~ bajl)
(35)
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L
R = baM
L
(37)
(38)
(39)
SOME ASPECTS OF SPECTRUM REFINEMENT
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~ = 2: hi f(~)
(40)
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Tables
Table 1
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D = ~ [[(Ycm - Yd(I)))2 - ,]
!7i ~Yd(I)
(41)
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(42)
aM
(43)
R
(44)
RI [P ]2
Tables
Table 1
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83
t2
0.3
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.1
o
o
Doppler velocity (cm Isec 1
Tables
Table 1
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84
, .
(a)
-
.....
! \
•
.
,,~
. .
:
-1.0 0
Doppl er velocity
..
.
I
+1.0
Tables
Table 1
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(b)
c
.2
....
-0.6·
121.121
0.6
em/sec
-121.6
0.121
0.6
85
Tables
Table 1
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F(s)
-co
F(s) = rco
-co
(48)
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88
~
I ,
2
t
O(s)
x
11(a)~
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(a)
I f(xl
~
x
~
89
(b)
1
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r f(u) f(u + x) du
r If(x)12 dx = r IF(s)12 ds
f(x)g(x) = r f(u) glx-u) du
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r f[u) g[u+x) du
[53)
Page 30
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
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...
I
...
...
121.
-6 .
121.5
121.4
121.3
121.2
121. 1
121. 121
K (INVERSE ANGSTROMS)
(b)
93
121. 121
1. 121
2. IZl
3.121
4.121
5.121
R (ANGSTROMS)
...
2.
o
~ 121.
5 -2 .
...
III -4.
4
7
1121
K (INVERSE ANGSTROMS)
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, A(1)
µ ~ X
A(3)
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ex ;: lim [ N1 ~ Ix,-µI 1
A(7)
1 N
lim -Nl ~ [(X, - xlly - 51)]
a = [a2
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A(l2]
A(l3)
Page 1
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Chapter 4 P. F. McMillan and A. M. Hofmeister
INFRARED AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
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+
/ ~
+
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102
sample
(a)
incident
p
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
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104
(a)
(b)
11111 ILl
A = 2.0
k = 0
k = ~
o
k
3n - 3
Tables
Table 1
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108
DO -' :
ZPD
o
+
Tables
Table 1
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N
.....
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117
n
1
n'
n' ,
+
E + s, t! '." -I '\ I.c:== E-
O .? :> oJ 0 7 V
I
I I
," I AJ
I I
1
R
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n
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+ I: f. ~~ / (v'2: - ~2 + i ~f .>
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Tables
Table 1
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__/'Je
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REV018C004_p131-160.pdf
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."
131
Ij
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R%
5
4
2
Page 2
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M9Si~ ilmnQnitQ
R %
(b)
.. _
Tables
Table 1
Page 4
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0.103, MgSi03 Perovskite
z
)-Y
x
~o
«
WAVENUMBER (crrt")
Page 6
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Tables
Table 1
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•
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.s
soc
7SO
lOCO
Ra.an .n1f't Ccm-D
J) . BOO
.BOO.L I
.200
38IlIl. 0
Tables
Table 1
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"'
"'
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Page 15
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147
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
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150
REFERENCES
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151
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152
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153
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157
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159
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Chapter 5 Subrata Ghose
INELASTIC NEUTRON SCATTERING
Tables
Table 1
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Tables
Table 1
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INMd
Page 6
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L
Page 9
Tables
Table 1
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T
>5'
Q
-
(a)
(b)
Tables
Table 1
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172
OOOJr---------r---------r-------~
(a)
Tables
Table 1
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174
PHONON WAVE VECTOR
Tables
Table 1
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Tables
Table 1
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176
,
~ .. ,
~ .. ,
~ ...
, .
' .... , .... " ........
,~------------------~
- It" " .• , ........ -.-
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0.1 0.2 0.3 0.. 0.5 0.. 0.3 0.2 0.1
0-4 0.5 .
o "3
::j 0.' ":: . "I' '. 1 ~~
.::v- ~I ~. i I::
• f--._o..../ • < "
j ::1 ~"'. ur ':L
12 "-
0" 0.5 0.4 0.3 .
02 0.1 0 re calculated
.. o.s 0.' 0.' . Th' run no" :,.""'",, b y
0.' 0.>"' . ",' . r or-et.er i t.e . r e pr- '''0' 0'
ion relations l;illed circles
1. Phonon dis~e~~n model; tha~., 1987).
Figure 1. d "molecular . g (Ghose et
from ri,gl neutron s cat t er-t n
i ne Las t Lo
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
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~
I .!.. Q 2Ie~12_1_.
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179
6.2m
<----G~[L
J ~ rnA-
o6m~l~ UO"
IPNS Low Resolution Medium Energy Chopper Spectrometer
Page 20
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~
Page 21
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181
400 BOO
Frequency (J) (cm -1)
1200
.
, ...
..
v
r ...
180
140
100
O~~--~---L--~--J--~--L-~
u
-g 8.0
~ 4.0
o
E (meV)
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Page 22
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
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184
T = 295 K
r.
.• 1 ".,\
! \
( 1'-\
,.. .
i'\ ......, \
( I '. ,.' .---
I ,1\ ./
, /' ,/\
/ -.r \ \/l..t~
~ j J \ \/.- ....
§ i f \ . .. -,
~ t', \ :
~ ,i J \ i
-e \;\l'/ i \" ' ... ,
" (1\ ! .\--'~""
'i!
) ..~/- ,, ,/ ',
G(hw)
ne..> [meV)--
I"
i
'"
S
.. ~
i \
! .\
I ·l
. \
1 \
I \
I" ,
t l '.
3 i ~
.... .
~. . ...
~... .--".--",
5000 I 40,000
~ 1
J~~ !!
I 1 \,0
t I I{
r I·
r
~
S
I
Page 25
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186
,,,G) GOO
f
~
aq/2TT
Fe, 0. 24°C
b
a
Tables
Table 1
Page 27
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Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Page 30
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Page 1
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Chapter 6
George R. Rossman
HYDROUS COMPONENTS
Page 2
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s
o
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Page 3
Page 4
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..
2E
'"
c
2.0
HRVENUMBEA
f3.
"
, ,
I I::
. ,',
.
Z
o
0.0
Tables
Table 1
Page 6
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WRVELENGTH (NH)
WRVENUMBER (CM-1)
Cordierite
199
-1
\JAVELENGTH, µm
.. ,
WAVENUMBER,
"4
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
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202
WAVELENGTH, µ.m
ill I SYNTHET I C
~OOO
QUARTZ
3500 30UU c~UU
3800
3600
3400
QUARTZ
3200
3000
eonomer f c water
UAVELENGTH, }Jm
2.88
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
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SUMMARY
Page 13
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205
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206
Page 1
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Chapter 7
George R. Rossman
Page 2
Page 3
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7eee
\
............. "'-,-
sea
e.2
'"
(/) e .•
..
"1'...,.
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Page 5
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211
~AVENUMBER, em-I
IIAVELENGTH, nm
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Page 6
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(1)
Tables
Table 1
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213
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++
++-H-
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
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t'i
216
WAVENUMBER, cm-i
SOD
600
0.0
W 0.8
co
WAVELENGTH, nm
Tables
Table 1
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219
WAVENUMBER (01-1)
WAVENUMBER (CM-I,
WAVELENGTH (NH)
(I
' r. 1 '>../ I
. !A! '\ u«
\//'-.1'\ ..
z
~AVELENGTH (lOt,
Andalusite
r\fJ
: \
.,
v
"
o
Rhodochrosite
Wavenumber (cm-i)
Wavelength (nm)
WAVENUMBER, em-I
ANDRADITE
4ee see see zea see gee t aae
WAVELENGTH, nm
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
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221
ii (kK)
15
12
w 5.0~ ~ I Phosphosiderite
u
WAVELENGTH (nml
\
\
\
\
'\
20
Tables
Table 1
Page 16
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WAVENUMBER, em-I
ORTHOCLASE
WAVELENGTH, nm
sooo
~
~
222
WAVENUMBER "H-I)
CALCITE
WAVENUMBER,
«
WAVELENGTH (NH)
ANNABERGITE
a:
o
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
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224
Table 3.
References to Optical Spectroscopic data on Minerals.
-----------------------------------------------------------
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
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225
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226
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227
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228
Tables
Table 1
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229
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
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230
~;g~ation centers
Page 25
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231
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232
Tables
Table 1
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233
REFERENCES
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Page 28
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234
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235
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236
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237
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238
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239
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240
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245
- --- - ---- - - ---- - - - ---- -- --- -- - -- - - - - - -- - - - -- - - --- - --
- - - - - ---- ----- - - --- ---- - - - - - - - - - - - .-- -- - - - -- - -- - - --
- - - - - - - - .-- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - --
c,
--------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
L.
ORTHOPYROXENE 1.1(2) SITE
ORTHOPYROXENE Mil) SITE
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
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247
~C2
~-z
WAVENUMBER (CH-I)
WAVENUMBER (em-I)
WAVELENGTH (NM)
Tables
Table 1
Page 42
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Page 44
Tables
Table 1
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E
1
1
C2
1
a(xz)
a(yz)
-1
Page 46
Tables
Table 1
Page 47
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FREE
253
ISO r-------~-----,
«
o
Page 48
Titles
REFERENCES - APPEND! X
Page 1
Titles
Chapter 8
Frank C. Hawthorne
Page 2
Tables
Table 1
Page 3
Titles
(for emission)
(for absorption)
(3)
(4)
tlk
(5)
Page 4
Titles
Mv~
p2
2M
(6)
(7)
Tables
Table 1
Page 5
Titles
(8)
ETOT = hw(n + !)
h
(9)
(10)
(12)
(14)
Ix A
~E = 3~<v) = 3~< 0 - M xdx)
Page 6
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3IIl.y
(15)
SOD = 3\ A In f (16)
2mEy
Page 7
Titles
'I 'I 'I 'I 'I '
,
Tables
Table 1
Page 8
Titles
(17)
Page 9
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------
IlIml s L
(18)
tl 1 tl2dE
N(E)de ct 21fT (E-E./ + (2T)
(20)
Tables
Table 1
Page 10
Titles
00 [fir
. f
(22)
1
h ----.,
I(E) = nr (E-E./ + (~J
(23)
I(E)
110
2n ( )2 (110]2
E-E +-
(24)
(26)
Page 11
Titles
V = 1~C Ze2R 2 [~] 11J;(O)12
(27)
Page 12
Titles
(a)
(b)
---
m
"""'-+-r ±1/2
Page 13
Titles
(28)
Page 14
Titles
EFG
(29)
EFG
(32)
O.S. = 2e v; 0 ~[l + tJ = ~ qO ~[l + tJ
Page 15
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269
±1 Iz --> ±1/2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I[ BJ ~ ~ ]
~(l + COS2S)
R;
R(S=O)
J.
R(S=90)
3
(33)
(R)
( ~(l + cos2S) sinS dS
(34)
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
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(35)
Page 17
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271
.'
t.
/
j
. :
F'!r
b
.
.' i
t ~ ~ t
lilll
~ rt
I: :1
. ~
•
a
om
om
+
\I\
: .~~:
<~ ..
I\
D;~\i0r~
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Page 18
Titles
272
Jj
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Tables
Table 1
Page 19
Titles
[1 1) [3 1) 1 r 9
2 ~ 2' -2 ~ 2: 2 a 4(1 + cos-Bl sinS dS = 3
(36)
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(37)
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2 ~ 2' 2 ~ -2: 2 a 4(1 + cos2BsinS dS
(38)
Page 20
Titles
274
(a)
(c)
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Page 21
Titles
275
r HB) 2(1 + cos2B) sinB dB
f: HB) (j + Sin2B) sinB dB
(40)
Page 22
Page 23
Titles
277
0.94
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Table 1
Page 24
Titles
(41)
Page 25
Titles
(b)
279
detector
Page 26
Page 27
Page 28
Titles
282
10
20
30
40
cr(%)'
o
m
4
VELOCITY, MM /SEC
Tables
Table 1
Page 29
Titles
SPECTRUM REFINEMENT
(43)
Tables
Table 1
Page 30
Titles
(44)
Y = b - ± [(1-Ql)2~:llf ~ + Ql2Aj ffii2 exp{ 41n2[X-Xj] }1
i=I 1+4(x-x.) If. r, \JT r,
Page 31
Page 32
Titles
N 1 [ ]2
Page 33
Titles
(47)
M
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(48)
Page 34
Titles
s
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Page 35
Page 36
Titles
fJ = C [II/I(o)I~AM - 1I/I(o)I~TAN ]
Page 37
Page 38
Titles
292
Sn4+
Au3+
Au 1+
~------------~
-15
-10 -5
ISOMER
o 5
10
Fe 6+
HSFe4+
LS Fe4+
LS Fe 3+
F 2+
Fe 2+
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ISOMER SHIFT (mm/s)
Page 39
Titles
Cf) 1.0.
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Tables
Table 1
Page 40
Titles
294
Tables
Table 1
Page 41
Titles
- 2: k (3cos2e - 1)(r-3> (57)
Tables
Table 1
Page 42
REV018C008_p297-340.pdf
Page 1
Tables
Table 1
Page 2
Titles
Vzz = -k :L <3cos2S - 1>
Page 3
Titles
os
L pOSj(3cos29j - 1)
(59)
(60)
=
POS[(3cos200 - 1) + 4(3cos2900 -1) + (3cos2180° - 1)]
QS
Page 4
Titles
QS
L pQSNNN
(61)
Page 5
Titles
ft G[Xi] Ii Nt fi
(62)
Page 6
Titles
(l) r, '" fj .
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(64)
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r
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Table 1
Page 9
Titles
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Table 1
Table 2
Page 10
Page 11
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o
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Table 1
Page 12
Titles
308
Tables
Table 1
Page 13
Page 14
Page 15
Titles
GRUNERITE
MAGNESIO
c
3
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Page 16
Page 17
Titles
313
..
b
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Tables
Table 1
Page 18
Page 19
Titles
315
Velocity ~ (mm / sec)
10.5%
x=0.981
11.0%
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2
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VELOCITY
Page 20
Page 21
Page 22
Titles
318
o
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VELOCITY mm/s
a 2
(b)
Tables
Table 1
Page 23
Titles
(68)
Page 24
Page 25
Page 26
Titles
322
i
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Page 27
Titles
M = -[2~J L
Page 28
Titles
(72)
Tables
Table 1
Page 29
Tables
Table 1
Page 30
Page 31
Page 32
Titles
c
z
~
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VELOCITY (mm-s:")
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Page 33
Page 34
Titles
330
S .-U97(Z)nvn/s
(a)
S .159 (4) mm/s
(d)
99.90
99.90
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VELOCITY (mm/s)
a
f
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Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Page 35
Page 36
Page 37
Page 38
Page 39
Page 40
Page 41
Page 42
Page 43
Page 44
Page 1
Titles
R. James Kirkpatrick
Chapter 9
MAS NMR SPECTROSCOPY OF
Page 2
Titles
(1)
(2)
a. I - 2"
b.
Page 3
Titles
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Page 4
Titles
(9)
Page 5
Titles
A.
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Page 6
Page 7
Titles
347
Tables
Table 1
Page 8
Page 9
Titles
"1
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0.6
0.5
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Page 10
Titles
350
Tables
Table 1
Page 11
Titles
(10)
Page 12
Titles
MASS
HYDROTHERMALL Y REACTED ALBITE
1H CP/MASS
SILICON-29
A
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//
hydrated
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Page 13
Page 14
Titles
i
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ppm
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v
A
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Page 15
Page 16
Page 17
Tables
Table 1
Page 18
Page 19
Titles
A.
ALBITE
-92.3
SILICON-29
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-200
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Page 20
Titles
130L---~1~075------1~1~0~----~11~5~---~1~2~0----~1~275----~130
Middle and Ring Groups
in Aluminophosphates (Q2) 1...- --'
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AIP04, AIP04'nH20' m(OH) ,....-------,
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o Middle and Ring Groups (Q2)
End Groups (Q1) Alk atis and
'-------' Alkali and Alkaline Earth Orthophosphates (Qo)
t 1 0
o
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
31 P Chemical Shift (ppm from H3P04)
Tables
Table 1
Page 21
Page 22
Titles
ALUMINUM-27
A
NATROLITE
B
SPODUMINE
c
o
o
MUSCOVITE
D
JADEITE
o
o
Page 23
Page 24
Titles
364
LEUCITE
27AI MASS 11.7T
a
AVERAGE
SITE ANGLE' les (± .3)ppm
T 1 145.9 60.7
T2 138.9 63.9
T3
130.4 68.7
'Mazzi et at (1976)
X10
b
50
M
o
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M
M
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200
100
o
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-100
Page 25
Titles
B
o
ppm from BF3' Et20
170 MASS, 67.8 MHz
a-SrSi03
A
E
G
170 STATIC, 48.8 MHz
PPM
o
PPM
Page 26
Titles
(11)
Tables
Table 1
Page 27
Titles
(12)
Page 28
Page 29
Page 30
REV018C009_p371-404.pdf
Page 1
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Page 3
Titles
~ ~---............~
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Page 5
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(a)
29Si chemical shift (p.p.rn. from TMS)
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Page 6
Titles
SILICON - 29
-110
-110
Page 7
Titles
377
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Page 8
Page 9
Titles
b.
T1m
T20
T2m
T10
a.
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Page 10
Titles
23Na MASS 11.7T
-30
ppm
-10
720
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Page 11
Tables
Table 1
Page 12
Page 13
Titles
OXYGEN - 17
CaSi03(Wo) - MgSi03(En) GLASSES
Wo 100
383
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W050
W025
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200
o
Page 14
Page 15
Titles
SILICON-29
o
ppm FROM TMS
ALUMINUM -27
o
o
100
o
1 M AICI3
o
Tables
Table 1
Page 16
Titles
ALUMINUM - 27
Si02-90
100
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100
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100 0 PPM
PPM FROM AICI3 SOLUTION
Page 17
Page 18
Titles
ALUMINUM-27
o
o
Si02 glass
QUARTZ
Page 19
Titles
389
CHEMICAL SHIFT (PPM)
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Page 21
Titles
CaSi03 GLASS - P2 Os
SILICON-29
Page 22
Titles
OXYGEN-17 LEACHED GLASSES
PPM FROM WATER
o
pH:9
Page 23
Page 24
Titles
..
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Tables
Table 1
Page 25
Page 26
Titles
396
133CS MAS NMR
0.1 M CsCI - Montmorillonite 8.45T
Slurry MAS
a
Slurry Sta tic
b
200
o
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200
o
-200
200
o
-200
200
o
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Tables
Table 1
Page 27
Page 28
Page 29
Page 30
Page 31
Page 32
Page 33
Page 34
Page 1
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Page 3
Titles
a
an
Page 4
Page 5
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Titles
~o z
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(1)
Page 9
Page 10
Titles
o
Tables
Table 1
Page 11
Page 12
Page 13
Page 14
Titles
A
o
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o
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Page 15
Titles
(2)
Page 16
Titles
Tc = TO exp(EA/kT) , (4)
Page 17
Titles
(6)
Page 18
Page 19
Titles
423
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Table 1
Page 20
Page 21
Page 22
Titles
426
/' fast relaxation (relatively immobile species)
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time
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Page 24
Page 25
Page 26
Page 1
Titles
Chapter 11
G. E. Brown, Jr., G. Calas,
X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY AND ITS
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Tables
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Page 12
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Titles
447
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Tables
Table 1
Page 18
Page 19
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p
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Page 20
Page 21
Page 22
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452
XANES
EXAFS
8000
8600
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(3-4)
Page 24
Page 25
Titles
n
Page 26
Page 27
Titles
457
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Page 28
Tables
Table 1
Page 29
Titles
(a)
(b)
(d)
(e)
(c)
(f)
Page 30
Page 31
Page 32
Page 33
Titles
[A 1 [A [ B]2]
x· (k) N. R 2 2
In l = In 2... _2... + 2 (cr. _ cr. ) k2
X. (k) j j
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Titles
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Page 37
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Page 39
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Page 11
Page 12
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Page 21
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Page 23
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Page 24
Page 25
Page 26
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496
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Table 1
Table 2
Page 27
Page 28
Page 29
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Page 32
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Page 33
Page 34
Page 35
Page 36
Page 37
Page 38
Page 39
Page 40
Page 41
Page 42
Page 1
Titles
Chapter 12
Georges Calas
ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
Page 5
Page 6
Titles
l{ = E(L+gsS)B + ALS .
Page 7
Titles
811.
Page 8
Titles
520
o
MAGNETIC FIELD
B
(Gauss)
Tables
Table 1
Page 9
Tables
Table 1
Page 10
Titles
axo 0 )(AX 0 0 )
Page 11
Titles
523
MAGr-..l£TIC FIELD
B
(Gauss)
Tables
Table 1
Page 12
Page 13
Page 14
Titles
"
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Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Page 15
Titles
Vb (even isotopes
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13630.3
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10
15
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Page 16
Page 17
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Page 18
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531
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9
8
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ANGLE (deg)
Tables
Table 1
Page 20
Titles
[HO 0) (-l!3D 0 0)
Page 21
Titles
1
Page 22
Titles
1000
3000
5000
Page 23
Page 24
Titles
536
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Tables
Table 1
Page 25
Titles
537
B
Tables
Table 1
Page 26
Tables
Table 1
Page 27
Titles
de =i 2:(3cos2ei - l)(~r2
Page 28
Page 29
Tables
Table 1
Page 30
Titles
Tr - n
10
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Page 1
Titles
v.vsn
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Page 2
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B
Tables
Table 1
Page 3
Page 4
Page 5
Page 6
Titles
548
Cr3+-AI
MAGNETIC FIELD I mT J
Page 7
Page 8
Titles
2
,
,
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Page 9
Page 10
Page 11
Page 12
Titles
• 'i',
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0.08
Tables
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Page 13
Page 14
Page 15
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557
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MAGNETIC FIELD (GAUSS)
Page 16
Page 17
Page 18
Titles
560
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Temperature (OC)
Ca
Ca
na
Tables
Table 1
Page 19
Page 20
Page 21
Page 22
Page 23
Page 24
Page 25
Page 26
Titles
568
Page 27
Page 28
Page 29
Page 30
Page 1
Page 2
Titles
(1)
Page 3
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Page 4
Titles
2. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
Page 5
Titles
Sample Spectrometer
CPs
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hv
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Tables
Table 1
Page 6
Titles
(2)
Page 7
Titles
(3)
(4)
(5)
Page 8
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K L3L3 ~M2.3M2.3 L3M1M2•3
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hv
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Table 1
Page 9
Titles
(6)
Page 10
Page 11
Titles
(a)
(b)
583
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Table 1
Page 12
Titles
3. SPECTRAL INTERPRETATION
Page 13
Titles
Ag3d512
Ag3d312
Ag(MNN)
800
600
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Ag3P112
400
200
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Page 14
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Table 4. Relative energies and intensities of Ka3 and K.
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740
Page 17
Titles
Quartz
589
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600
800
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1000
Binding energy (eV)
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Table 1
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(7)
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Page 23
Tables
Table 1
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Titles
598
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Page 27
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606
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electron energy (eV)
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d = 3ACOSO
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01 s: NAS GLASSES (A = 0.57)
BINDING ENERGY (eV)
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Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Page 23
Page 24
Tables
Table 1
Page 25
Page 26
Titles
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Page 27
Page 28
Page 29
Page 30
Page 31
Page 32
Page 33
Page 34
Page 1
Titles
Chapter 14 Glenn A. Waychunas
LUMINESCENCE, X-RAY EMISSION AND
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Table 2
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Violet
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666
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Page 30
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669
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Table 2
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ENERGY (eV)
HIGH-LOSS
Mn02
Page 23
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Tables
Table 1
Page 25
Titles
693
ENERGY LOSS.
Page 26
Page 27
Page 28
Titles
696
Page 29
Page 30