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Spatial measurement and transformation of muscular attachments at the lower extremity

โœ Scribed by M. Lengsfeld; U. Stammberger; S. Reeh


Publisher
Elsevier Science
Year
1994
Tongue
English
Weight
858 KB
Volume
16
Category
Article
ISSN
1350-4533

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โœฆ Synopsis


A large number of spatial coordinates were directly measured on two wet anatomical muscle specimens with a measuring device specifically &signed to collect cylindrical coordinates. Three-dimensional coordinates of muscle attachment circumfeences, joint centres and bone landmarks were collected. All the measured points of a segment, including

the adjacent joint centres, were refered to a reference system defined by three marked screw heads at the femur and tibia. The points of the pelvic segment were referred to three marks on a lumbar mounting plate. This approach allows one to define and to transform the data to any reference @ame.


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## Abstract ## Purpose Although it is well known that the normal, triphasic pulsatile arterial Doppler waveform changes in shape as flow is impaired, interpretation of the waveform has largely been subjective. We aimed to describe the Doppler waveforms of the lower extremity objectively using Four