Spacecraft Dynamics and Control (Space Science and Technologies)

✍ Scribed by Yongchun Xie, Yongjun Lei, Jianxin Guo, Bin Meng

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 435
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book presents up-to-date concepts and design methods relating to space dynamics and control, including spacecraft attitude control, orbit control, and guidance, navigation, and control (GNC), summarizing the research advances in control theory and methods and engineering practice from Beijing Institute of Control Engineering over the years. The control schemes and systems based on these achievements have been successfully applied to remote sensing satellites, communication satellites, navigation satellites, new technology test satellites, Shenzhou manned spacecraft, Tianzhou freight spacecraft, Tiangong 1/2 space laboratories, Chang'e lunar explorers, and many other missions. Further, the research serves as a guide for follow-up engineering developments in manned lunar engineering, deep space exploration, and on-orbit service missions. 

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Authors
1 Introduction
1.1 Types of Spacecraft
1.1.1 Low-Earth-Orbit Satellites
1.1.2 Lunar and Deep-Space Probes
1.1.3 Manned Spacecraft
1.1.4 Near-Space Vehicles
1.2 Connotation of Spacecraft Control
1.2.1 Orbital Motions
1.2.2 Orbit Determination
1.2.3 Orbit Control
1.2.4 Attitude Motion
1.2.5 Attitude Determination
1.2.6 Attitude Control
1.2.7 Guidance, Navigation, and Control
Bibliography
2 Spacecraft Orbits and Orbital Dynamics
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Time Systems and Reference Frames
2.2.1 Time Systems
2.2.2 Coordinate Systems
2.2.3 Transformation Between Coordinate Systems
2.3 Two-Body Problem and Three-Body Problem
2.3.1 Overview of Two-Body Problem
2.3.2 Constants of Two-Body Orbital Motion
2.3.3 Geometric Equation of Two-Body Orbits
2.3.4 Geometric Properties of Two-Body Orbits
2.3.5 Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem
2.3.6 Libration Points
2.4 Orbital Properties of Spacecraft
2.4.1 Orbital Parameters and Transformations
2.4.2 Satellite Ground Track
2.4.3 Launch Window
2.4.4 Geosynchronous Orbits
2.4.5 Sun-Synchronous Orbits
2.4.6 Critical Inclination Orbits and Frozen Orbits
2.4.7 Repeat Ground Track Orbits
2.4.8 Reentry Orbits
2.4.9 Libration Point Orbits
2.5 Orbital Perturbation Equations and Their Solutions
2.5.1 Osculating Orbit
2.5.2 Lagrange Perturbation Equations
2.5.3 Gauss Perturbation Equations
2.5.4 Numerical Integration Methods
2.5.5 Perturbation Methods
2.6 Sources of Orbital Perturbations
2.6.1 Earth’s Non-sphericity
2.6.2 Atmospheric Drag Near Earth
2.6.3 Gravitational Forces of the Sun and Moon
2.6.4 Solar Radiation Pressure
2.6.5 The Moon’s Non-sphericity
2.6.6 Mars’ Non-sphericity
2.6.7 Atmospheric Drag Near Mars
2.7 Relative Motion of Spacecraft
2.7.1 Definitions of Frames
2.7.2 Equations of Relative Motion
References
3 Orbit Control
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Basics of Orbit Control
3.2.1 Governing Equation of Orbital Maneuvering
3.2.2 Impulsive Thrust Control
3.2.3 Finite Thrust Control
3.2.4 Optimal Orbit Control Problem
3.3 Orbit Control for Typical Spacecraft
3.3.1 Perturbation Analysis and Stationkeeping of LEO Spacecraft
3.3.2 Perturbation Analysis and Stationkeeping of HEO Spacecraft
3.3.3 Orbit Transfer of HEO Spacecraft
3.3.4 Return Orbit Control for Lunar Exploration
3.3.5 Orbit Dynamic Models for Lunar Exploration
3.3.6 Design of Cislunar Return Trajectory
3.3.7 Precise Design of Cislunar Return Trajectory
3.3.8 Impulsive Thrust Orbit Control for Cislunar Transfer
References
4 Spacecraft Attitude Kinematics and Dynamics
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Attitude and Attitude Kinematics
4.2.1 Attitude Description
4.2.2 Attitude Kinematics
4.3 Attitude Dynamics
4.3.1 Attitude Dynamics of Rigid-Body Spacecraft
4.3.2 Attitude Dynamics of Flexible Spacecraft
4.3.3 Attitude Dynamics of Liquid-Filled Spacecraft
4.3.4 Attitude Dynamics of Multi-Body Spacecraft
References
5 Spacecraft Attitude Determination
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Modeling of Attitude Sensor Errors
5.2.1 Modeling of Random Errors of Gyroscopes
5.2.2 Modeling of Star-Sensor Measurement Errors
5.3 Three-Axis Attitude Determination Based on State Estimation
5.4 Calibration of Relative Error of Attitude Sensor
5.4.1 Calibration of Relative References for Star Sensors
5.4.2 Calibration of Gyro Errors
5.5 Ground-Based Post-Event High-Precision Attitude Calibration
5.6 Determination of Spin Angular Velocity with Abnormal Attitude
5.6.1 Principle of Determining Spin Angular Velocity of Satellites
5.6.2 Strategies for Reducing the Determination Error of Spin Angular Rate and Improving the Determination Accuracy
5.6.3 Simulation Verification and Application
References
6 Spacecraft Attitude Control
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Attitude Control Based on Angular-Momentum Management Devices
6.2.1 Spacecraft Attitude Stabilization Control
6.2.2 Attitude Maneuver Control
6.3 Steering Strategies for Angular-Momentum Management Devices
6.3.1 Flywheel Control Strategies
6.3.2 CMG Control Strategies
6.3.3 Steering Strategies for Hybrid Actuators
6.4 Liquid-Filled Spacecraft Control
6.4.1 Control Model
6.4.2 Design of Attitude Controller
6.5 Multi-Body Spacecraft Attitude Control
6.5.1 Hybrid Attitude Control with Moving Antenna
6.5.2 Hybrid Attitude Control of Combined Body
References
7 Autonomous Guidance, Navigation, and Control of Spacecraft
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Absolute Autonomous Navigation
7.2.1 SINS-GPS Integrated Navigation
7.2.2 Attitude-Sensor-Based Autonomous Navigation
7.3 Relative Autonomous Navigation
7.3.1 Relative State Estimation
7.3.2 Autonomous Orbit Determination and Relative State Estimation
7.4 Guidance and Control for Rendezvous and Docking
7.4.1 Flight Phases and Mission Requirements
7.4.2 Rendezvous and Docking Guidance
7.4.3 Rendezvous and Docking Control
7.5 Guidance and Control for Reentry
7.5.1 Ballistic Reentry
7.5.2 Semi-ballistic Reentry
7.5.3 Lifting Reentry
7.5.4 Reentry Guidance
7.6 Guidance and Control for Soft Landing on Extraterrestrial Bodies
7.6.1 Soft Landing on the Moon
7.6.2 Soft Landing on Mars
7.6.3 Soft Landing on Asteroids
References