This book provides an up-to-date presentation of a broad range of contemporary problems in inverse scattering involving acoustic, elastic and electromagnetic waves. Descriptions will be given of traditional (but still in use and subject to on-going improvements) and more recent methods for identifying either: a) the homogenized material parameters of (spatially) unbounded or bounded heterogeneous media, or b) the detailed composition (spatial distribution of the material parameters) of unbounded or bounded heterogeneous media, or c) the location, shape, orientation and material characteristics of an object embedded in a wellcharacterized homogeneous, homogenized or heterogeneous unbounded or bounded medium, by inversion of reflected, transmitted or scattered spatiotemporal recorded waveforms resulting from the propagation of probe radiation within the medium Presents a solution for direct and inverse heat conduction problems. This work discusses the theoretical basis for the heat transfer process in the first part. It presents selected theoretical and numerical problems in the form of exercises with their subsequent solutions in the second part. Title Page; Copyright Page; Preface; Table of contents; Nomenclature; PART I Heat Conduction Fundamentals; 1 Fourier Law; 2 Mass and Energy Balance Equations; 3 The Reduction of Transient Heat Conduction Equations and Boundary Conditions; 4 Substituting Heat Conduction Equation by Two-Equations System; 5 Variable Change; Part II Exercises. Solving Heat Conduction Problems; 6 Heat Transfer Fundamentals; 7 Two-Dimensional Steady-State Heat Conduction. Analytical Solutions; 8 Analytical Approximation Methods. Integral Heat Balance Method