Cover
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 - Solar System Characteristics, Advantages, and Disadvantages
1 - Solar energy
2 - Photovoltaic panels
2.1 - Structure and operation of solar cells
2.2 - Serial and parallel connection of PV panels
2.3 - Solar cell electrical model
2.3.1 - PV panel fill factor
2.3.2 - PV efficiency (η)
3 - Concentrating solar power technologies
3.1 - Linear concentrator systems (LCS)
3.1.1 - Parabolic trough collector power system
3.1.2 - Linear Fresnel power system
3.2 - Point concentrator systems (PCS)
3.2.1 - Parabolic dish collector power system
3.2.2 - Central tower power system
4 - Advantages and disadvantages of solar systems
References
Chapter 2 - Eliminate the Disadvantages of Renewable Energy Sources
1 - Disadvantages of renewable energy sources
2 - Maximum power point tracking techniques in solar systems
2.1 - Maximum power point tracking operating principle
2.2 - Constant voltage method
2.3 - Short current pulse method
2.4 - Open voltage method
2.5 - Perturb and observe method
2.6 - Incremental conductance method
2.7 - Temperature method
2.8 - Compare of MPPT techniques
3 - Mechanical solar tracking systems
3.1 - Single-axis solar tracking system
3.2 - Two-axis solar tracking system
4 - Concentrated PV panels
5 - Cylindrical PV panels
References
Chapter 3 - Why Solar Hybrid System?
1 - Solar hybrid energy systems
1.1 - Passive and active solar energy systems
1.1.1 - Passive solar energy systems
1.1.2 - Active solar energy systems
1.1.3 - Power generated from concentrated solar and PV panels
1.2 - Wind energy characteristic
1.2.1 - Power generated from a wind turbine
2 - Complementary feature of energy storage
3 - Use of solar hybrid systems
References
Chapter 4 - Hybrid Renewable Generation Systems
1 - Hybrid renewable energy systems
1.1 - Serial hybrid renewable energy system topology
1.2 - Switched hybrid renewable energy system topology
1.3 - Parallel hybrid renewable energy system topology
1.4 - Control of hybrid renewable energy systems
2 - Hybrid system consisting of solar PV panel, wind, and battery
2.1 - Wind data analysis
2.1.1 - Wind energy conversion efficiency
2.2 - Solar PV panel and wind energy integration
2.3 - Load balancing with hybrid renewable energy sources
2.4 - Complementarity of hybrid renewable energy sources
References
Chapter 5 - Solar Hybrid Systems and Energy Storage Systems
1 - Energy storage systems using in solar hybrid systems
1.1 - Primary (nonrechargeable) batteries
1.2 - Secondary (rechargeable) batteries
1.3 - Lead–acid (Pb) batteries
1.4 - Nickel–iron (NiFe) batteries
1.5 - Nickel–zinc (NiZn) batteries
1.6 - Nickel–cadmium (NiCd) batteries
1.7 - Nickel–metal hydride (NiMH) batteries
1.8 - Sodium–sulfur (NaS) batteries
1.9 - Sodium–nickel chloride (NaNiCl) batteries
1.10 - Aluminum–air (Al–air) and zinc–air (Zn–air) batteries
1.11 - Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries
1.12 - Lithium-ion polymer batteries
1.13 - Lithium–iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries
1.14 - Comparison of lithium-ion batteries
1.15 - Comparison of rechargeable battery types
2 - Ultracapacitors
2.1 - Usage areas and applications of ultracapacitors
3 - Battery terms
3.1 - Battery capacity
3.2 - Battery state of charge (SOC)
3.3 - Effect of temperature on battery
3.4 - Depth of discharge (DoD)
3.5 - Energy density
3.6 - Power density
3.7 - Efficiency
3.8 - Self-discharge
3.9 - Cycle life
3.10 - Lead–acid and LiFePO4 battery DoD and temperature alarm graphics
4 - Ultracapacitor terms
4.1 - Equivalent series resistance (ESR)
4.2 - Effect of temperature on ultracapacitor
References
Chapter 6 - Solar Thermal Systems and Thermal Storage
1 - Solar thermal systems
2 - Thermal energy storage
2.1 - Sensible heat energy storage
2.1.1 - Air thermal energy storage system
2.1.2 - Liquid thermal energy storage system
2.1.3 - Underground thermal energy storage system
2.2 - Latent heat energy storage system
2.3 - Thermal energy storage systems economy, cost
References
Chapter 7 - Hybrid Energy Storage and Innovative Storage Technologies
1 - Hybrid energy storage systems
1.1 - Hybrid energy storage with battery and ultracapacitor
1.2 - Ultracapacitor EPR calculation experiment
2 - Innovative energy storage technologies
2.1 - Gravity energy storage
2.2 - Flywheel energy storage
2.3 - Superconductive magnetic energy storage
References
Chapter 8 - Solar Hybrid Systems for Smart Grids
1 - Smart grids and solar hybrid systems
1.1 - Smart grid structures
1.2 - Microgrid structures
1.3 - Dynamic control in microgrids
1.4 - Distributed production grid structures
1.5 - Grid-connected distributed solar systems
1.6 - Energy storage application in distributed solar systems
2 - Inverter structures in smart grids
2.1 - Isolation and leakage currents in solar inverter structures
2.2 - Grid-connected three-phase inverter structures in smart grids
2.3 - Three-phase voltage supply inverters
2.4 - Modulation methods in three-phase voltage fed inverters
2.4.1 - Sinusoidal PWM method
2.4.2 - Hysteresis band PWM method
2.4.3 - Space vector PWM method
2.5 - Three-phase, four-arm, four-wire inverter structures
References
Chapter 9 - The Role and Importance of Energy Storage Systems in Solar Hybrid Applications
1 - Energy storage systems in solar hybrid systems
2 - Simulation of solar hybrid system
2.1 - PV array and perturb&observe control algorithm
2.2 - Battery model and bidirectional DC/DC converter model
2.3 - Hysteresis band current controller and phase-locked loop (PLL)
3 - Simulation results of solar hybrid system
References
Chapter 10 - Distributed Solar Hybrid Generation Systems
1 - Distributed solar hybrid systems
1.1 - Distribution generation model
1.2 - Distribution generation grid
1.3 - The role of energy storage in distributed solar hybrid systems
2 - Transmission lines in distributed generation systems
2.1 - Classification of transmission lines
2.1.1 - Transmission line models
2.1.2 - Short transmission line
2.1.3 - Medium transmission line
2.1.4 - Long transmission line
2.1.5 - Direct current transmission line
3 - Inverter structures in solar hybrid systems
3.1 - Centralized inverter topology
3.2 - String inverter topology
3.3 - Multistring inverter topology
3.4 - On-grid solar generation systems
3.5 - Off-grid solar generation systems
3.6 - Basic features of inverters in solar hybrid systems
3.7 - Grid-connected wind energy systems
References
Chapter 11 - Future of Electric Vehicles in Solar Hybrid Systems
1 - Electric vehicles and solar hybrid systems
1.1 - Integration of electric vehicles to the electricity grid
2 - Electric vehicle charge levels
2.1 - Electric vehicle charging methods and V2G
2.2 - Electric vehicle charging modes
2.3 - Electric vehicle charging methods
2.3.1 - On-board charging systems
2.3.2 - Off-board charging systems
2.3.3 - Wireless charging systems
2.3.3.1 - Coil design in wireless charging systems
2.3.3.2 - Semiconductor technology used in wireless charging systems
2.3.4 - Electric vehicle charging method in the future
3 - Configuration electric vehicle and solar hybrid systems
3.1 - AC bus–connected systems
3.2 - DC bus–connected systems
3.3 - DC bus–connected systems with high-frequency transformers
3.4 - Role of electric vehicles in the grid in future
4 - Electric vehicles and solar PV panel energy
4.1 - Energy management system in the V2G
References
Chapter 12 - Simulation, Design, and Application of Hybrid Energy Storage System With Hybrid Power Generation System
1 - Hybrid power generation system and hybrid energy storage system
2 - Simulation studies of HPGS and HESS
2.1 - Offshore wind generator and control algorithm
2.2 - Marine current generator and control algorithm
2.3 - DC/DC boost converter structure
2.4 - Battery group and bidirectional DC/DC converter control
2.5 - Ultracapacitor group and bidirectional DC/DC converter control
2.6 - Bidirectional DC/DC converter control structure
2.7 - Smart energy management algorithm
2.8 - Simulation results for Case 1
2.9 - Simulation results for Case 2
2.10 - Simulation results for Case 3
2.11 - Simulation results for Case 4
2.12 - Simulation results for Case 5
2.13 - Simulation results for Case 6
2.14 - Simulation results for Case 7
2.15 - Simulation results for Case 8
2.16 - Simulation results for Case 9
3 - Experimental studies of HPGS and HESS
3.1 - Experimental results for Cases 1 and 2
3.2 - Experimental results for Case 3
3.3 - Experimental results for Case 4
3.4 - Experimental results for Cases 5 and 6
3.5 - Experimental results for Cases 7 and 8
3.6 - Experimental results for Case 9
References
Chapter 13 - Examples of Solar Hybrid System Layouts, Design Guidelines, Energy Performance, Economic Concern, and Life Cyc...
1 - Solar hybrid system energy performance
1.1 - Solar constant and energy generation
1.2 - Declination angle, solar altitude angle, tilt angle, solar azimuth angle, and solar zenith angle
2 - Solar hybrid system economic concern
3 - Solar hybrid system life cycle analyses
4 - Solar hybrid system design guidelines
5 - Solar hybrid system layouts
5.1 - On-grid solar PV panel system layouts
5.2 - Off-grid solar PV panel system layouts
References
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
W
Z
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