Soilborne microbial plant pathogens and disease management. Volume one, Nature and biology

✍ Scribed by Narayanasamy, P

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2020
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 339
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Soilborne microbial plant pathogens including oomycetes, fungi, bacteria and viruses cause several economically important destructive diseases and the symptoms of infection can be recognized only after the pathogen has invaded many tissues primarily vascular tissues of susceptible plants. This condition places formidable challenges in investigating different aspects of host-microbial pathogen interactions. Early detection of infection and precise identification, differentiation, and quantification of the microbial plant pathogens in plants, soil and water sources are essential requirements for development of effective tactics to reduce the incidence and spread of the diseases caused by them. As the microbial plant pathogens differ in their virulence and sensitivity to the environment and chemicals applied, it is imperative to assess the extent of variability in the concerned pathogens. This first volume of a two-volume set introduces disease-causing microorganisms including oomycetes, fungi, bacteria, and viruses found in soils. It focuses on the biology, detection, and identification of soilborne bacterial, fungal, and viral plant pathogens. This volume discusses various techniques based on biological, immunological and genetic properties of the pathogens indicating their advantages and limitations for selecting the appropriate technique to fulfill the requirements. Features: Presents techniques useful for detection, identification, quantification of microbial plant pathogens in plants, soil, and irrigation water from waterbodies. Highlights subversive activities of viruses, resulting in the breakdown of host defense systems. Discusses RNA silencing in infected plants by viruses and posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) functioning as an endogenous mechanism in plants against virus infection. Presents information on methods of assessment of genetic variability and sensitivity of microbial plant pathogens to chemicals and adverse environmental conditions.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover......Page 1
Half Title......Page 2
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Dedication Page......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 12
Acknowledgment......Page 14
Author......Page 16
1.2 Concepts and Implications of Infection by Soilborne Microbial Plant Pathogens......Page 18
1.4.1 Prevention of Pathogen Introduction and Inoculum Production......Page 20
References......Page 21
2.1.1 Isolation-Based Methods......Page 24
2.1.1.1 Baiting Assays......Page 25
2.1.1.2 Direct Plating of Soil Samples......Page 28
2.1.1.3 Plating of Water Samples......Page 29
2.1.2 Physical and Chemical Methods......Page 30
2.1.3 Immunoassays......Page 33
2.1.3.1 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay......Page 34
2.1.3.2 Dipstick Immunoassay......Page 37
2.1.3.4 Dot Immunobinding Assay......Page 38
2.1.4 Nucleic Acid-Based Techniques......Page 39
2.1.4.2 Hybridization Methods......Page 40
2.1.4.3 Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Assays......Page 41
2.2.1 Variability in Biological Characteristics......Page 76
2.2.2 Variability in Vegetative Compatibility......Page 77
2.2.3 Variability in Genomic Characteristics......Page 79
2.2.3.2 Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Methods......Page 80
References......Page 92
3.1.1 Disease Incidence and Distribution......Page 106
3.1.2.1 Production of Pathogen Propagules......Page 108
3.1.2.2 Survival and Dispersal of Fungal Pathogens......Page 113
3.1.2.3 Transmission of Soilborne Fungal Pathogens through Vectors......Page 117
3.1.2.4 Host Range of Fungal Pathogens......Page 118
3.1.2.5 Disease Complexes of Soilborne Fungal Pathogens and Nematodes......Page 120
3.2.1 Pathogenicity of Fungal Pathogens......Page 121
3.2.2 Production of Toxic Metabolites and Enzymes by Fungal Pathogens......Page 125
3.3.1 Germination of Spores......Page 129
3.3.2 Penetration and Colonization of Host Tissues......Page 132
3.3.3 In Planta Expression of Fungal Pathogen Genes......Page 146
3.3.4 Molecular Basis of Interactions between Host Plants and Fungal Pathogens......Page 152
3.3.5 Influence of Environment on Disease Development......Page 159
References......Page 160
Chapter 4: Detection and Identification of Soilborne Bacterial Plant Pathogens......Page 172
4.1.1.2 Use of Selective Media......Page 173
4.1.1.4 Biochemical and Physical Methods......Page 175
4.1.2.1 Immunoassays......Page 176
4.1.2.2 Nucleic Acid-Based Techniques......Page 180
4.2.2 Variability in Pathogenicity......Page 195
4.2.5 Variability in Immunological Properties......Page 197
4.2.6 Variability in Genomic Nucleic Acid Characteristics......Page 198
References......Page 204
5.1.1.1 Disease Incidence and Distribution......Page 212
5.1.1.2 Host Range and Sources of Infection......Page 213
5.1.1.3 Modes of Dispersal of Bacterial Pathogens......Page 214
5.1.1.4 Survival of the Pathogen......Page 215
5.1.1.5 Process of Infection of Susceptible Plants......Page 216
5.1.2.2 Host Range and Sources of Infection......Page 225
5.1.2.3 Modes of Dispersal of Pathogens......Page 226
5.1.2.4 Process of Infection of Susceptible Plants......Page 227
5.1.3.2 Pathogenicity and Host Range......Page 230
5.1.4.1 Disease Incidence and Distribution......Page 233
5.1.4.2 Process of Infection......Page 234
5.1.5.1 Disease Incidence and Distribution......Page 238
5.1.5.2 Process of Infection......Page 239
5.1.6 Clavibacter michiganensis......Page 241
References......Page 242
Chapter 6: Detection and Biology of Soilborne Viral Plant Pathogens......Page 250
6.1.1.2 Immunoassays......Page 251
6.1.1.3 Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Assays......Page 252
6.1.2.1 Viruses Transmitted by Fungal Vectors......Page 253
6.1.2.2 \Detection of Viruses Transmitted by Nnematodes......Page 260
6.2 Biology of Soilborne Viruses......Page 264
6.2.1 Viruses with Abiotic Transmission......Page 265
6.2.2.1 Viruses Transmitted by Fungal Vectors......Page 266
6.2.2.2 Viruses Transmitted by Nematode Vectors......Page 269
6.2.3 Process of Infection......Page 271
6.2.4 Mechanisms of Transmission of Viruses by Vectors......Page 272
6.2.5.1 Movement of Viruses with Abiotic Transmission......Page 275
6.2.5.2 Movement of Viruses Transmitted by Fungal Vectors......Page 276
6.2.5.3 Movement of Viruses Transmitted by Nematode Vectors......Page 278
6.2.6 Role of RNA Silencing in Virus Disease Development......Page 279
References......Page 282
7.1.1.1 Interactions among Microorganisms......Page 290
7.1.2 Pathogen Suppression in Soils......Page 291
7.2.1 Cropping Systems......Page 294
7.2.4 Irrigation Practices......Page 295
7.3 Epidemiology of Soilborne Crop Diseases......Page 297
7.3.1.1 Dynamics of Fungal Pathogen-Host Plant Interactions......Page 298
7.3.1.2 Dynamics of Host-Bacterial Pathogen Interactions......Page 313
7.3.1.3 Dynamics of Host-Viral Pathogen Interactions......Page 318
7.4 Forecasting Systems For Diseases Caused by Soilborne Microbial Pathogens......Page 321
7.4.1 Pathogen-Based Forecasting......Page 322
7.4.3 Environment-Based Forecasting......Page 323
References......Page 325
Index......Page 332

✦ Subjects

Pathogenic microorganisms;SCIENCE--Life Sciences--Botany;SCIENCE--Life Sciences--General;Soil microbiology;Soilborne plant diseases;Soilborne plant pathogens;TECHNOLOGY--Agriculture--General;Electronic books;SCIENCE -- Life Sciences -- Botany;SCIENCE -- Life Sciences -- General;TECHNOLOGY -- Agriculture -- General