Abstract
Adverse environmental impacts of human activities are the main causes of soil degradation in the desert of Kuwait in general, and in Kabd area in particular. In this study, assessment of soil degradation in open and protected sites has been carried out using field measurements and laboratory investigations. The overall status of vegetation is nearly twice as low in vegetation cover in the open sites than in the protected ones due to overgrazing and offโroad transport. Compaction of soil due to pressure exerted on the soil by vehicles led to a significant reduction in its porosity, permeability and infiltration capacity. The average infiltration rate of the compacted soils is 51 per cent lower than that of the nonโcompacted soils. The bulk density of the nonโcompacted soils is 3.4 per cent lower than that of compacted soil. The average topsoil resistance of compacted soils has increased by 83 per cent in comparison with nonโcompacted soil. Using the least squares method a relation between infiltration rate (IR) and penetration resistance (PR) of the topsoil for the study areas is found (i.e. IRโ=โโ0.148 PRโ+โ1.85 with R^2^โ=โ25 per cent). Soil strength within the soil profile shows maximum penetration resistance readings at 11.5โcm depth in average in compacted soils, while it shows maximum readings at 34.6โcm depth in average in nonโcompacted soils. The adverse changes in the chemical properties due to soil compaction is also investigated. A restoration plan is needed in order to reduce land degradation. Copyright ยฉ 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.