Software-Defined Power Electronics: Converter Configuration, Control, and Optimization

✍ Scribed by Liwei Zhou, Matthias Preindl

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 245
• Series: Power Electronics and Power Systems
• Edition: 2024
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Power electronic devices and systems are attracting growing attention due to the electrification of energy conversion systems being a key factor in efforts to reduce fuel combustion and achieve carbon neutrality. This book provides a concept of software-defined power electronics architecture to generalize the power converter design and control procedures with various interfaced applications. The ultimate objective is to construct a reconfigurable software-defined power electronics architecture with standardized atomic power modules that can be leveraged for different electrified energy resources, such as electric vehicle charging, electric motor traction, solar power, and wind power. Several advanced control and design techniques are introduced in detail to achieve the proposed concept with a high-performance energy conversion system, including optimization-based control and estimation, variable frequency soft switching, and passive component design and optimization. The proposed generalized architecture also contributes to avoiding redundant hardware and algorithms design procedures.

Software-Defined Power Electronics: Converter Configuration, Control, and Optimization is a guide for engineers and academic researchers to the highly specialized skills required for working in the fields of power converter design and development.

✦ Table of Contents

Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.1.1 Power Electronics for Renewable Energy
1.1.1.1 Solar Energy Interfaced Power Electronics
1.1.1.2 Wind Power Interfaced Power Electronics
1.1.1.3 Fuel Cell Energy Interfaced Power Electronics
1.1.2 Power Electronics for Electric Vehicle
1.1.2.1 EV Charger Interfaced Power Electronics
1.1.2.2 Motor Drive Interfaced Power Electronics
1.2 State of the Art for Modular Power Electronics
1.3 Motivations
References
Part I Physical Level
2 Switching Concept
2.1 Background
2.2 Switching Devices
2.2.1 Thyristor
2.2.2 IGBT
2.2.3 IEGT
2.2.4 SiC
2.2.5 GaN
2.3 Switching Modulations
2.3.1 Pulse-Width Modulation
2.3.2 Space Vector Pulse-Width Modulation
2.4 Critical Soft Switching Principles for Basic Power Converter
2.5 Variable-Switching Constant-Sampling Frequency Critical Soft Switching Control
2.5.1 Critical Soft Switching Controller
2.5.1.1 Constraints
2.5.1.2 Methodology
2.5.2 Model Predictive Controller
2.6 Implementation in DC/DC Power Converter
2.7 Summary
References
3 Components Design
3.1 Background
3.2 Capacitor Selection
3.2.1 Capacitor Classification
3.2.1.1 Electrolytic Capacitors
3.2.1.2 Ceramic Capacitors
3.2.1.3 Film Capacitors
3.2.1.4 Tantalum Capacitors
3.2.1.5 Supercapacitors
3.2.2 Capacitor Application
3.2.2.1 Capacitor for Energy Storage
3.2.2.2 Capacitor for Filtering
3.2.2.3 Capacitor for Power Factor Correction
3.2.3 Capacitor Design for the LCL Filter Power Converter
3.3 Inductor Design
3.3.1 Theoretical Design Methodology
3.3.1.1 Critical Soft Switching Parameters
3.3.1.2 Iterative Optimization
3.3.2 Geometrical Design
3.3.2.1 Coil Structure Design
3.3.2.2 Core Structure Design
3.3.3 Prototyping Results
3.3.3.1 Prototype Finalization
3.3.3.2 Experimental Validation
3.3.3.3 Observations
3.3.4 Summary
References
4 Control Techniques
4.1 Background
4.2 Traditional Control
4.2.1 PID Control
4.2.2 Hysteresis Control
4.2.3 Direct Torque/Power Control
4.3 Optimization-Based Control
4.3.1 State Space System Modeling
4.3.1.1 DC/AC LCL Plant Modeling
4.3.1.2 Zero-Sequence Modeling
4.3.2 Control Algorithm Design
4.3.2.1 PI Control
4.3.2.2 PI Control with Notch Filter
4.3.2.3 Cascaded PI Control
4.3.2.4 Cascaded Modular Model Predictive Control
4.3.3 Optimal Control Design for Performance Improvement
4.3.3.1 Control Plant Model Analysis
4.3.3.2 Mechanism of Inner Loop MMPC for Active Damping
4.3.3.3 Cascaded Control Design for Dynamic Performance
4.3.4 Experimental Validations
4.3.4.1 State Estimation Test
4.3.4.2 Steady State Common Mode Test
4.3.4.3 Dynamic and Stability Performance Test
4.3.4.4 Comparison with the State of the Art
References
Part II Interconnection Level
5 Software-Defined Power Electronics Architecture
5.1 Background
5.2 Non-isolated System Modeling with VFSS
5.2.1 Elementary Power Module Modeling
5.2.2 Soft Switching Modeling
5.2.3 EV Applications Modeling
5.2.3.1 Single-Phase EV Charging
5.2.3.2 Three-Phase EV Charging
5.2.3.3 EV Motor Traction
5.3 Multi-layer System
5.3.1 Application Function Layer
5.3.2 Elementary Module Layer
5.3.3 Extended Interfaces for Grid and Motor Applications
5.3.3.1 Three-Phase EV charging control
5.3.3.2 EV Motor Traction Control
5.3.4 Comparison with Other Architectures
5.3.4.1 AUTOSAR Working Principle
5.3.4.2 Comparison
5.4 Merits and Validations
5.4.1 Reconfigurability with Unified Power Modules
5.4.2 Improved Dynamic Performance with MPC-VFSS-Based Local Layer Power Module
5.4.3 Non-isolated Applications Enabled by Zero-Sequence Control
5.4.4 Robust MPC Free of Application Model Parameters Influence
5.4.5 High Efficiency with VFSS
5.4.6 Reliability with Fault Tolerance
5.5 Summary
References
Part III Application Level
6 MPC-Based Harmonic Injection Techniques for Software-Defined Power Electronics
6.1 Background
6.2 System Modeling
6.2.1 DC/AC LCL Converter Modeling
6.2.1.1 abc System
6.2.1.2 dq0 System
6.2.1.3 Common Mode Modeling
6.3 Control Design
6.3.1 Phase-Locked Loop
6.3.2 Central Level Output Current Control
6.3.3 Zero-Sequence Voltage Control
6.3.4 Local Level Per Phase LC Filter MPC
6.3.5 Modular MPC Concept Based on Software-Defined Architecture
6.4 Regulated Third Harmonic Injection
6.4.1 Third Harmonic Sinusoidal Injection (Sin-RTHI)
6.4.2 Triangular Space Vector Injection (Tri-RTHI)
6.4.3 Advantages of Zero-Sequence Controlled RTHI
6.5 Results
6.5.1 Third Harmonic Injection Test
6.5.2 Leakage Current Test
6.6 Summary
References
7 Demonstration of the High Efficiency/Power Density Grid-Tied Converters
7.1 Background
7.2 Non-isolated System and Critical Soft Switching
7.2.1 Non-isolated System
7.2.2 Critical Soft Switching Analysis
7.3 Control
7.3.1 Central Level Grid Current/Zero-SequenceVoltage Control
7.3.1.1 Grid Side Inductor Current Control
7.3.1.2 Zero-Sequence Voltage Control
7.3.2 Local Level Model Predictive Control
7.3.3 Local Level Luenberger Observer
7.3.4 Local Level Variable Frequency Control
7.3.4.1 VCF-CSS
7.3.4.2 VDF-CSS
7.4 Results
7.4.1 Hardware Setup
7.4.2 State Estimation Results
7.4.3 Steady State Results
7.4.4 Model Predictive Control Transient Results
7.4.5 Efficiency and Power Density Results
7.5 Summary
References
8 Demonstration of the EV Charger Application
8.1 Design and Control
8.1.1 DC/AC Control
8.1.1.1 Phase-Locked Loop
8.1.1.2 Active Power Control
8.1.1.3 Reactive Power Control
8.1.1.4 Zero-Voltage Control
8.1.2 DC/DC Control
8.1.2.1 Constant Current (CC) Mode Control
8.1.2.2 Constant Voltage (CV) Mode Control
8.1.3 Active Damping Control of LCL Filter
8.2 Grid Service
8.2.1 Constant Reactive Power Mode
8.2.2 Constant Power Factor Mode
8.2.3 Voltage-Reactive Power Mode
8.2.4 Active-Reactive Power Mode
8.2.5 Frequency-Active Power Mode
8.2.6 Voltage-Active Power Mode
8.3 Results
8.3.1 Prototype Configuration
8.3.2 Start-Up Procedure
8.3.3 Power Testing
8.3.4 Common Mode Leakage Current Performance
8.3.5 Harmonic Standard Compliance
8.3.6 Efficiency
8.3.7 Comparison
8.3.7.1 Prototype Comparison with Commercial Products
8.3.7.2 Methodology Comparison with Other Solutions
8.4 Conclusion
References
9 Commercialized Industry Applications
9.1 PEBB Technologies
9.1.1 Operation Principle
9.1.2 Applications
9.2 Modular Multi-level Converter
9.2.1 Operation Principle
9.2.2 Applications
9.3 Siemens Software-Defined Inverters
9.4 OwnTech Software-Defined Power Modules
References
Index