Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 14
ONE: INTRODUCTION......Page 16
1.1 Defining Software Architecture......Page 17
1.3 Goals......Page 18
Technology Trends and Architectural Styles......Page 19
Strategies......Page 20
Mindset......Page 21
TWO: MILITARY HISTORY......Page 22
Architectural Approaches......Page 23
Common Principles......Page 24
Architectural Controversies......Page 25
2.2 The Architectural Paradigm Shift......Page 26
2.3 The Need for Software Architecture......Page 29
2.4 Zachman Framework......Page 30
2.5 Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing......Page 32
2.6 Enterprise Architecture Standards......Page 39
Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework......Page 40
2.7 Design Patterns......Page 42
2.8 AntiPatterns......Page 50
2.9 Software Design-Level Model......Page 52
2.10 Conclusions......Page 55
Exercises......Page 56
THREE: SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE: BASIC TRAINING......Page 60
3.1 Object-Oriented Technology......Page 62
Object in the Mainstream......Page 64
Components versus Objects......Page 65
Component Infrastructures......Page 67
Component Software Design Patterns......Page 68
Component Software Architecture......Page 69
Proprietary Software......Page 70
Open Systems Software......Page 71
3.4 Client-Server Technology......Page 74
History......Page 76
Distributed Components......Page 79
eXtensible Markup Language (XML)......Page 85
Sun Microsystems J2EE and Microsoft's .Net......Page 87
Web Services......Page 88
3.6 Architectural Layers and When to Use Them......Page 89
3.7 Software Application Experience......Page 94
3.8 Technology and Application Architecture......Page 96
3.9 Applying Standards to Application Systems......Page 99
3.10 Distributed Infrastructures......Page 103
3.11 Conclusions......Page 113
Exercises......Page 114
4.1 Software Architecture Paradigm Shift......Page 118
Distribution Reverses Assumptions......Page 119
Making the Paradigm Shift......Page 120
This Old Software......Page 121
An Example: Doing Software Incorrectly......Page 122
Enter the Knight: Heroic Programmers......Page 123
4.3 Doing Software Correctly: Enterprise Architecture Development......Page 124
Architecture-Centered Process......Page 125
Step 2: Requirements Analysis......Page 127
Step 4: Architectural Planning......Page 128
Step 6: Project Planning......Page 133
Step 7: Parallel Development......Page 134
Step 9: Operations and Maintenance......Page 135
4.4 Bottom Line: Time, People, and Money......Page 136
4.5 Conclusions......Page 137
Exercises......Page 138
FIVE: SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE: DRILL SCHOOL......Page 140
Major Design Forces......Page 141
Software Design Levels......Page 142
Creating Complexity......Page 143
Option 1: Sweep It under a Rug......Page 144
Option 3: Ignore It......Page 145
5.3 Systems Integration......Page 146
5.4 Making the Business Case......Page 152
5.5 Architectural Linkage to Software Development......Page 156
5.6 Conclusions......Page 162
Exercises......Page 163
SIX: LEADERSHIP TRAINING......Page 166
6.1 Leadership Is a Necessary, Learnable Skill......Page 167
6.2 The Architect as Team Builder......Page 168
6.3 Always Insist on Excellence in Deliverables......Page 169
6.4 Architect's Walkthrough......Page 175
6.5 Project Management Basics......Page 179
Implementation Phase......Page 180
6.6 Architect's Role Versus Project Management......Page 181
Implementation Phase......Page 183
Exercises......Page 184
7.1 Process......Page 186
Process Prerequisites......Page 187
A Basic Component Framework Software Design Process......Page 189
7.2 Creating New Processes......Page 194
7.3 Teamwork......Page 195
Exercises......Page 202
EIGHT: COMMUNICATIONS TRAINING......Page 210
8.1 Communications Challenges......Page 211
8.2 Responsibility-Driven Development......Page 212
8.3 Communication Responsibilities......Page 213
8.4 Handling Feedback......Page 214
8.5 Evolution of Software Design Notations......Page 215
8.6 Unified Modeling Language Notation......Page 217
8.7 Model-Driven Architecture......Page 230
Exercises......Page 233
NINE: SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE: INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS......Page 236
Top Down and Bottom Up......Page 237
Architectural Mining Process......Page 238
Applicability of Mining......Page 239
Horizontal Versus Vertical......Page 240
Horizontal Design Elements......Page 243
Designing for Future Applications......Page 245
9.2 Architectural Iteration......Page 246
Software Process Background......Page 247
The Role of the Architecture Process......Page 249
The Macro Process: Architectural Iteration......Page 251
Developer Reaction to Architecture......Page 253
After Intelligence, Iterate the Design......Page 255
The Micro Process: Architecture with Subprojects......Page 257
Architecture in Chaos......Page 259
9.3 Architectural Judgment......Page 261
Problem Solving......Page 262
Review and Inspection......Page 264
Exercises......Page 266
TEN: SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE: PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE......Page 270
10.1 Alternative Learning......Page 271
10.3 Expectation Management......Page 272
10.4 Psychology of Truth......Page 273
10.5 Software Envisioning......Page 274
10.6 Reference Models and Human Psychology......Page 276
Reference Models as Perception......Page 278
Biological Response Model......Page 279
Group Applications of Response......Page 280
10.7 Example: Reference Selling......Page 281
10.8 Psychology of Ownership......Page 283
10.9 Psychological Akido......Page 284
Exercises......Page 287
ELEVEN: SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE: CAREER ADVICE......Page 292
11.1 Read, Read, Read......Page 293
Nascent Body of Knowledge......Page 294
The Management Trap......Page 295
11.3 Making a Name......Page 296
11.4 Becoming an Expert......Page 298
Exercises......Page 299
Appendix A: Architecture Example: Test Results Reporting System......Page 302
Appendix B: Design Templates and Examples......Page 322
Appendix C: Glossary of Software Architecture Terminology......Page 340
Appendix D: Acronyms......Page 348
Appendix E: Bibliography......Page 350
A......Page 356
C......Page 357
D......Page 358
E......Page 359
I......Page 360
M......Page 361
P......Page 362
R......Page 363
S......Page 364
V......Page 365
Z......Page 366