Soft Computing and Signal Processing: Proceedings of 3rd ICSCSP 2020, Volume 1 (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 1325)

✍ Scribed by V. Sivakumar Reddy (editor), V. Kamakshi Prasad (editor), Jiacun Wang (editor), K. T. V. Reddy (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 719
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book presents selected research papers on current developments in the fields of soft computing and signal processing from the Third International Conference on Soft Computing and Signal Processing (ICSCSP 2020). The book covers topics such as soft sets, rough sets, fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms and machine learning and discusses various aspects of these topics, e.g., technological considerations, product implementation and application issues.

✦ Table of Contents

Conference Committee
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
FSBRS: Framework for Sketch-Based Retrieval System of the Color Images
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Research Problems
4 Research Methodology
5 Proposed System
5.1 Data Extraction
5.2 Training Dataset Creation
5.3 Feature Clustering
5.4 Query Image Processing
5.5 Match Making and Score Computation
6 Experiment and Result
6.1 Database Description
7 Conclusion
References
Music/Non-music Discrimination Using Convolutional Neural Networks
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Dataset
3.1 Music
3.2 Non-music
4 Methodology
4.1 Pre-processing
4.2 Convolutional Neural Network
5 Implementation and Results
6 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Novel Machine Learning Model with Wrapper-Based Dimensionality Reduction for Predicting Chronic Kidney Disease Risk
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 About Dataset
2.2 Model Phase Description
2.3 Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE)
2.4 Logistic Regression
2.5 Support Vector Machine
3 Experiment Environment and Performance Parameters
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusion and Future Directions
References
Speech Enabled Automatic Form Filling System
1 Introduction
2 Related Works
2.1 Form Filling
2.2 Speech Recognition
2.3 Speech Synthesis
3 Proposed System
4 Experimental System
5 Performance Analysis
6 Conclusions
References
Time Series Analysis Using ARIMA Model for Air Pollution Prediction in Hyderabad City of India
1 Introduction
2 Model Design and Problem Evaluation
2.1 Data Set
2.2 Data Cleaning
2.3 ARIMA Model
3 Illustrative Example
4 Experimental Results
5 Conclusion
References
A Systematic Approach to Handle Ancient Tamil Script Using Deep Learning Techniques
1 Introduction
1.1 Noise Removal Techniques
1.2 Character Segmentation
1.3 CNN for Image Clustering
1.4 Character Recognition
2 Related Work
3 Proposed Architecture
4 Implementation
4.1 Dataset
4.2 Image Preprocessing
4.3 Image Segmentation
4.4 Image Clustering
4.5 Optical Character Recognition
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Performance Evaluation of Various CNN Network Architectures for Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy and Normal Retinal Images
1 Introduction
2 Literature Survey
3 System Description
3.1 Dataset
3.2 Pre-Processing
3.3 Network Architectures
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
Detection and Prevention of Mirai Attack
1 Introduction
1.1 What Makes Mirai Attacks Possible?
1.2 How Mirai Works?
1.3 Component Involved in Mirai Attack
2 Related Work
3 Proposed System
4 Implementation and Results
5 Conclusion
References
Analyzing the Impact of Deforestation and Population on Carbon Footprint in Indian Cities Using Statistical and Deep Learning Techniques
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Methodology
3.1 System Architecture
3.2 Dataset Collection
3.3 Data Preprocessing
4 Implementation
4.1 Vector Autoregression (VAR)
4.2 Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Exogenous Variable (ARIMAX)
4.3 Random Forest Model
4.4 Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Model
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
Secure and Energy-Efficient IoT Systems Using SZ 1.4 and ChaCha12-Poly1305
1 Introduction
1.1 Motivation
2 Background and Related Work
2.1 Fast Error-Bounded Lossy Compression Using SZ 1.4
2.2 ChaCha20-Poly1305 for IoT Data Encryption
3 Literature Review
4 Proposed Workflow
5 Experiment and Analysis of Results
5.1 Dataset
5.2 Experimental Results and Analysis
6 Conclusion
References
Activity Recognition Using LSTM and Inception Network
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Proposed Algorithm for Activity Recognition
3.1 Frame Extraction from Videos
3.2 CNN Feature Extraction Using Inception Net
3.3 LSTM-Based Action Recognition
4 Experimental Results
4.1 Data Set
4.2 Results
5 Conclusion
References
Associative Classification Using Maximum Threshold and Super Subsets for Rules to Predict By-Diseases in Diabetic Syndromes
1 Introduction
2 Associative Classification and Approaches
3 Existing Work
3.1 Literature Review
4 Experimental Results and Proposed Approach
4.1 Results Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Accuracy Assessment and Validation of Large-Scale Subpixel Classified Maps for Remotely Sensed Data
1 Introduction
2 Study Area and Satellite Dataset
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Satellite Dataset
3 Methodology
3.1 Preprocessing
3.2 Classification and Reference Map Generation
3.3 Validation and Visual Representation
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Classification of Documents Using Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Methodology
3.1 Dataset
3.2 Data Pre-processing
3.3 Tokenize and Pad Sequence
3.4 Model Architecture
4 Results
5 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Analysing Research Trends Using Topic Modelling and Trend Prediction
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Data Collection and Pre-processing
2.2 Topic Discovery—N-Gram Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA)
2.3 Forecasting
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Topic Categorization
3.2 Topic Coherence and Similarity
3.3 Forecasting of Future Trends
4 Summary and Conclusions
References
Football Game Analysis and Prediction
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Framework
3.1 Input Data
3.2 Data Preprocessing
3.3 Data Splitting
3.4 Model Building
3.5 Prediction
3.6 Team and Face Recognition
3.7 Twitter Sentiment Analysis
4 Implementation
4.1 Data Collection and Normalization
4.2 Parameters for Game Prediction
4.3 Data Splitting
4.4 Model Building
4.5 Team/Facial Recognition of Players
4.6 Twitter Sentiment Analysis
4.7 Prediction
5 Results
6 Conclusion
References
Analysing and Plotting Online Customer Emotions Using a Lexicon-Based Approach
1 Introduction
2 Natural Language Processing
2.1 Syntactic and Semantic Analysis
2.2 Text Pre-processing
2.3 Emotion Classification Techniques Using NLP
3 System Architecture for Analysing and Plotting Emotions
4 Implementation, Testing and Results
5 Evaluation and Discussions
6 Conclusion
References
A Skin Disease Detection System Using CNN Deep Learning Algorithm
1 Introduction
2 Literature Survey
3 Background
3.1 Dataset
3.2 MobileNetV2 (CNN Model Used)
4 Challenges
4.1 Data Collection
4.2 Differentiating Between the Diseases
5 Proposed System
5.1 Data Preprocessing
5.2 Training the Model
5.3 Using the Model on a Mobile Device
6 Result Analysis
6.1 Accuracy Chart
6.2 Model Output
6.3 Maps Output/Product Recommendation
7 Conclusion
References
Statistical and Neural Machine Translation Systems of English to Manipuri: A Preliminary Study
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Machine Translation Systems
3.1 Statistical Machine Translation (SMT)
3.2 Neural Machine Translation(NMT)
4 Experiments
4.1 Dataset Description and Preprocessing
4.2 Translation Systems
5 Result and Analysis
5.1 Analysis of Input and Output
6 Conclusion
References
A Secure Protocol for the Delivery of Firmware Updates over the Air in IoT Devices
1 Introduction
1.1 Internet of Things (IoT)
1.2 Firmware over the Air (FOTA)
2 Literature Survey
2.1 IoT Protocols
2.2 Firmware Update Based on IoT Application Protocols
2.3 FOTA Components
3 Security Analysis
4 Methodology
4.1 Firmware Update Workflow Model
4.2 Firmware Update Using CoAP Block-Wise Transfer
5 Implementation Results
6 Conclusion
References
Financial Sentiment Analysis: A Study of Feature Engineering Methodologies
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology
3.1 Overview
3.2 Data Preprocessing
3.3 Building up the Word Model—Vectorizing the Preprocessed Dataset
3.4 Building up the Classifier Models
3.5 Hyperparameters Tuning Using Grid Search Algorithm
3.6 Our Contribution
4 Experimental Results
4.1 Dataset
4.2 Evaluation Metrics
4.3 Performance Analysis
4.4 System Configuration
5 Conclusion
References
Detection of Parkinson’s Disease from Hand-Drawn Images Using Machine Learning Algorithms
1 Introduction
2 Related Works
3 Database Description
4 Proposed Methodology
4.1 Feature Extraction
4.2 Classification Algorithms
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Analysis for Dataset 1
5.2 Analysis for Dataset 2
6 Conclusion
References
Text-Type Extraction Using a Deep Learning Solution at the Character Level
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Dataset
3.1 Data Augmentation
4 Work Methodology
4.1 Proposed Models
4.2 Epochs and EarlyStop
5 Result Analysis
5.1 Learning Curve
5.2 Accuracy and Loss
5.3 Confusion Matrix
6 Conclusion and Future Work
References
A Robust System for Video Classification: Identification and Tracking of Suspicious Individuals from Surveillance Videos
1 Introduction
2 Related Works
2.1 Suspicious Activity Detection
2.2 Face Recognition
3 Proposed Method
3.1 Video Classification into Normal or Suspicious
3.2 Face Recognition and Text Extraction from Videos
3.3 Camera Location Identification
3.4 Work Flow
4 Experimental Results
5 Conclusion and Future Works
References
Lung Cancer Prediction Using Machine Learning Techniques with Statistical Approach for Gene Selection
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Gene Selection and Machine Learning Models
3.1 Gene Selection
3.2 Sampling
3.3 Stratified k-Fold Cross Validation
3.4 Machine Learning Model
4 Results and Analysis
4.1 The Unbalanced Data Set and Sampling
4.2 Mean-Based Gene Selection
4.3 Standard Deviation-Based Gene Selection
5 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Ambiguous Compatible Graph-Based Evolutionary Design for Intrusion Detection System
1 Introduction
2 Literature Survey
2.1 Developmental Optimization Techniques
3 Proposed Methodology—Ambiguous Compatible GBE-Based IDS
3.1 Structure for Ambiguous Compatible GBE
4 Performance Explorations
5 Conclusion
References
Visual Chaos Steganography with Fractional Transform
1 Introduction
2 Proposed Methodology
2.1 Least Significant Bit (LSB)
2.2 Fractional Fourier Transform (FRFT)
2.3 Chaotic Function
2.4 Algorithm
3 Results and Facts
4 Conclusion
References
Meta-Learning: A New Way to Learn and Comparison of Machine Learning Versus Meta-Learning
1 Introduction
1.1 History of Computing and Problem Solving
1.2 Machine Learning and Its Limitations
1.3 Meta-Learning
2 Literature Survey
2.1 Meta-Learning Lingo
2.2 Metric-Based Learning
2.3 Model-Based Learning
2.4 Optimization-Based Learning
3 Implementation
3.1 Dataset
3.2 Approach Using MAML
4 Results
5 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
Performance Evaluation of Various Machine Learning Algorithms for Heart Disease Detection
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Methodology
4 Conclusion
References
Malicious Privacy Invasive Android Application Detection Using Machine Learning-Based Permission Analysis Technique
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Permission-Based Analysis
3.1 Preprocessing Phase
3.2 Processing Phase and Final Output
4 Conclusion
References
An Improved CNN-Based Architecture for Within-Project Software Defect Prediction
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Background
4 Methodology
5 Implementation
6 Results
7 Conclusion
References
A Deep High-Level Representational Approach to Facial Landmark Detection Using Minimal Heatmaps
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Our Methodology
4 Results
5 Conclusion
6 Future Scope
References
A Robust Video Steganography Over DCT Components of Motion Region in Compressed Domain
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Proposed Methodology
3.1 Embedding Method
3.2 Extracting Method
4 Experimental Results and Discussion
4.1 Imperceptibility
4.2 Robustness
4.3 Embedding Capacity
5 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
Performance Analysis of Predictive Models on Class Balanced Datasets Using Oversampling Techniques
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Data Understanding
3.1 Exploratory Data Analytics (EDA)
3.2 Splitting the Dataset into Train and Test Splits
4 Model Building
4.1 Hyperparameter Tuning
4.2 Mitigating Class Imbalance
4.3 Model Evaluation, Results and Discussions
5 Conclusion
References
A Novel Rotation Invariant Descriptor for Texture Classification with Local Binary Patterns
1 Introduction
2 Classical Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Its Variants
2.1 Basic Methodology
2.2 LBP Variants
3 Two New Descriptors: Adaptive Circumferential Derivative Pattern (ACDP) Operator and Adaptive Local Radial Derivative Pattern (ARDP) Operator for Local Binary Patterns
3.1 The Adaptive Circumferential Derivative Operator
3.2 The Adaptive Radial Derivative Operator
3.3 The Proposed Adaptive Descriptor
4 Perimental Evaluation
4.1 Classification Method and Metric of Dissimilarity
4.2 Results on the KIMIA Path960 Dataset
4.3 Results on the 2D HeLa Dataset
4.4 Computational Time Analysis
5 Conclusion
References
Removal of Motion Artifacts from EEG Records by Overlap Segmentation SSA with Modified Grouping Criteria for Portable or Wearable Applications
1 Introduction
2 Existing SSA Method
3 Proposed Overlap Segmented SSA Method with a Modified Grouping Criteria
4 Experimental Results and Discussion
4.1 Power Spectral Density Analysis
4.2 Study of Various Overlapping Segments
4.3 Computational Time
5 Conclusion
References
Performance Study of Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) Encoded MIMO-OFDM System by Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
1 Introduction
2 System Model
2.1 LDPC Encoding
3 Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithm
4 Experimental Results
5 Conclusion
References
Analysis of Interference Cancellation Techniques in Multiuser User MIMO for Dense Network
1 Introduction
2 System Model for MU MIMO
3 Theoretical and Mathematical Analysis of Precoding Techniques
3.1 Zero Forcing Receiver
3.2 MMSE Receiver or LMMSE Receiver
3.3 Zero Forcing with Successive Interference Cancelation (ZF SIC)
3.4 Minimum Mean Square Error with Successive Interference Cancelation (MMSE-SIC)
4 Simulation Parameters and Results for Precoder in Downlink and Detector in Uplink for Normal and Dense Network
5 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
Power and Delay Analysis of Adders for High-Speed Error Tolerant Applications
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Error Tolerant Adder
4 Implementation
4.1 Ripple Carry Adder (RCA)
4.2 Carry Skip Adder (CSK)
4.3 Error Tolerant Adder (ETA)
4.4 Modified Error Tolerant Adder (META) [25]
5 Result Analysis
6 Conclusion
References
Classification of Gliomas Using Efficient Zernike Moments Based Shape Descriptors Extracted from Segmented MR Images
1 Introduction
2 Proposed Methodology
2.1 Pre-processing
2.2 Tumor Segmentation Approach
2.3 Feature Extraction and Selection
2.4 Feature Classification
3 Experimental Results
4 Conclusion
References
Comparison of Various Time-Frequency Analysis Methods and Classification of Respiratory Sounds Using Pre-trained GoogLeNet Classifier
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 Time-Frequency Distributions
3.1 Dataset Through EMD
3.2 Short-Time Fourier Transform
3.3 Constant Q-Gabor Transform
3.4 Continuous Wavelet Transform
3.5 Wigner–Ville Distribution (WVD)
4 Proposed Pre-trained GoogLeNet Classifier
5 Results and Discussions
6 Conclusion
References
Easing Anxiety at Hospitals
1 Introduction
2 About the Method
2.1 FMCW Radar Concept
3 The Software Flow
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Node MCU Based Voice-Controlled Appliances
1 Introduction
2 Review of Literature
3 Design Methodology
3.1 Node MCU
3.2 Relay Module
3.3 Blynk Application
3.4 IFTT Application
3.5 Arduino IDE
3.6 Program Code
4 System Architecture and Implementation
5 Conclusions
References
Brainwave-Enabled Random PIN Digital Locking System Using Morse Code
1 Introduction
2 System’s Overview
2.1 Description
2.2 Working
2.3 Precautions
3 Experimental Results
4 Conclusion
References
Image Processing and Machine Learning Techniques for Improvements in Tomato Farming
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Introduction to Common Diseases Affecting Tomato Leaves
3.1 Diseases Their Symptoms and Treatment
3.2 Preventive Measures for the Common Diseases
4 Disease Detection Using Image Processing and CNN
4.1 Dataset and Methodology
4.2 Understanding Transfer Learning
4.3 Models Used
4.4 Results and Discussion
5 Data Analysis for Predicting Disease Outbreak
5.1 Dataset and Methodology
5.2 Smoothed Z-Score Algorithm
5.3 Visualization of Results
6 Tomato Maturity Detection Using Image Processing
6.1 Dataset and Methodology
6.2 Results and Discussion
6.3 Harvesting Advice Based on Maturity of Tomatoes and Temperature
7 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
Electric Vehicle Steering Design and Automated Control Using CNN and Reinforcement Learning
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Implementation Platform
2.2 Automated Steering System
2.3 Prediction of Steering Angle (Implementation of CNN)
2.4 Steering Control
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion and Future Work
References
RECH-LEACH: A New Cluster Head Selection Algorithm of LEACH on the Basis of Residual Energy for WIRELESS Sensor Network
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 LEACH Protocol
2.2 LEACH-B
2.3 Cell-LEACH
2.4 Multi-hop-LEACH
2.5 A-LEACH (Advanced-LEACH)
3 Proposed RECH-LEACH Model
3.1 Setup Phase
3.2 Steady-State Phase
4 Experimental Results
5 Conclusion
References
Developing an Object and Event Detection and Recognition Module for Autonomous Vehicles Using Simulators
1 Introduction
2 Motivation and Contribution
3 Existing Work
4 Background
5 Proposed Autonomous Vehicle's OEDR Pipeline
5.1 Object Detection and Classification Module (ODCM)
5.2 Event Detection Module
5.3 Localization Module
6 Observations and Results
6.1 Results
6.2 Observations
7 Conclusion
References
An Efficient ROTI-Based Equatorial Plasma Bubble Detector for Low-Latitude Regions
1 Introduction
2 Equatorial Plasma Bubbles
3 EPB Detector Based OnROTI
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusions
References
Realization and Comparative Analysis of Thermometer Code Based 4-Bit Encoder Using 18 nm FinFET Technology for Analog to Digital Converters
1 Introduction
1.1 Significant Drawbacks in the Existed Methods
1.2 Proposed Design
2 FinFET Characteristics and Modeling
2.1 FinFET Description and Operation
2.2 Advantages and Applications of FinFET
3 Proposed 4-Bit Encoder Block Using FinFET Models
3.1 Wallace Tree Encoder
3.2 Conventional MUX Based Encoder Description and Operation
3.3 MUX Encoder Using Thermometer Code Description and Operation
3.4 Gray to Binary Conversion
4 Simulation Results and Experimental Findings of the Proposed Work
4.1 4-Bit Encoder (Thermometer Coder) Simulation Waveform
4.2 Simulation Results Analysis
5 Conclusion
References
CMOS Based 4T Hybrid SCPF-CAM Design for High Speed and Low Power Image Processing Applications 
1 Introduction
2 Conventional 4T-SRAM
3 Conventional CAM
4 Proposed Method
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Acoustic Emotion Recognition Using Spectral Features
1 Introduction
2 Preprocessing
3 Features Utilized for Classification
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusion
References
An Integrated VLSI Architecture for Forward and Backward Lifting Scheme Discrete Wavelet Transform Using FinFET Device
1 Introduction
2 Lifting DWT Scheme
3 Proposed Integrated VLSI Architecture for Forward and Back Lifting Scheme Discrete Wavelet Transform Using FinFET Device
4 Result and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Efficient Design of MISTO CDL Adder Cell for High Throughput and Power-Efficient Array Divider
1 Introduction
2 Review of Constant Delay (CD) Logic Style
3 Proposed Misto CDL Adder Cell
3.1 Carry Generation
3.2 Sum Generation
4 Non-restoring Array Divider
5 Conclusions
References
PAPR Reduction Method for MIMO-OFDM/OQAM System Based on SFBC Structure
1 Introduction
2 SFBC MIMO-OFDM/OQAM System Model
2.1 Definition and Description of OFDM/OQAM PAPR
2.2 SFBC MIMO-OFDM/OQAM System Model
3 Multiphase Rotational Switching Algorithm
3.1 Introduction to Permutation Inversion (PI) Algorithm
3.2 Complexity Analysis
4 Simulation Results
5 Conclusion
References
Object Detection Using Deep Learning for Visually Impaired People in Indoor Environment
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 System Description
4 Experimental Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Unsupervised Snow Cover Classification Using Dual-Polarized SCATSAT-1 Satellite Data
1 Introduction
2 Study Area and Dataset
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Satellite Dataset
3 Methodology
3.1 Preprocessing
3.2 Classification
3.3 Accuracy Assessment
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Statistical Characterization of IRNSS Satellite Clock Error for Receiver Autonomous Integrity
1 Introduction
2 Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)
3 Signal-In-Space Errors
3.1 IRNSS Satellite Clock Errors
4 Data Acquisition and Methodology
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusions
References
Performance Elucidation of Metrics in High Efficiency Video Coding Using HEVC Test Model
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Methodology
3.1 Overview of HEVC Architecture
3.2 Criteria for Simulation
3.3 Test Data
4 Experimental Results
4.1 Simulation Environment
4.2 Discussion on Results
5 Conclusion
References
Event-Triggered 2D Target Tracking Using Unscented Kalman Filter
1 Introduction
2 Problem Statement
3 Unscented Kalman Filter
3.1 Finding Sigma Points
3.2 Prediction Step
3.3 Updating Step
4 System Model and Simulation
5 Conclusion
References
Application of Optimization Techniques for Estimating Electricity Demand of Tamil Nadu
1 Introduction
2 Selections of Input Variables
2.1 Per Capita Income
2.2 Population
2.3 State Gross Domestic Product
3 Problem Formulation
4 Optimization Algorithms and Implementation
4.1 Artificial Immune System
4.2 Genetic Algorithm
4.3 Implementation of AIS and GA
4.4 The following steps have been followed to implement GA and AIS
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Optimized Concurrent Error Detectable Adder
1 Introduction
2 Concurrent Error Detectable Adder
2.1 32 Bit Carry Select Adder
2.2 Concurrent Error Detectable Carry Select Adder
3 Proposed Architecture
4 Results
5 Conclusion
References
Deep Learning Approaches used in Downlink MIMO-NOMA System: A Survey
1 Introduction
2 Downlink MIMO-NOMA System
3 DL, DNN, and its Applications in MIMO-NOMA System
3.1 DL for Channel Estimation
3.2 DL in SIC
3.3 DL for Power Allocation and Power Minimization
3.4 DL Replacing Complex SP Algorithms at Receiver
3.5 DL for User Clustering
3.6 DL for Modulation Classification, Signal Detection, and Decoding
3.7 DL for Beamforming and Selection
3.8 Data-Driven and Model-Driven Approaches
3.9 DL for Other Miscellaneous Tasks Leading to Performance Improvement
4 Future Directions
5 Conclusion
References
Automatic License Plate Recognition Under Harsh Conditions
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Problem Statement
4 High Level Design
5 Implementation
5.1 Methodology
6 Proposed System
6.1 Pre-processing of Collected Images
6.2 License Plate Localization
6.3 Character Segmentation
6.4 Character Recognition
7 Experimental Results
8 Conclusion
References
A Novel 3D Hand Gesture Based Telugu Alphabet Dataset Creation for Text Input and Analysis of Hybrid Filtering Technique with Accelerometer Sensor Data
1 Introduction
1.1 Need for Telugu Gesture Dataset Creation
1.2 Importance of Telugu Language
1.3 Major Contributions
2 Related Work
3 Methodology
3.1 Gesture Acquisition Device
3.2 Gesture Pre-processing
3.3 Gesture-Based Telugu Alphabet Dataset Creation
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 Gesture Data Visualization Using User Interface
4.2 Performance Analysis of Proposed Hybrid Filter
5 Conclusion
References
Author Index