Social Welfare Policy and Social Programs: A Values Perspective

✍ Scribed by Elizabeth A. Segal

• Publisher: Cengage Learning
• Year: 2009
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 368
• Edition: 2
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Offering a new values perspective, Elizabeth Segal's SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY AND SOCIAL PROGRAMS, Second Edition takes the student beyond identifying, describing, and analyzing social welfare policies. Segal demonstrates how the myriad values of diverse groups in America have influenced current policies, and helps students recognize that analysis takes place through the lens of these often opposing values. The dual themes of critical thinking and critical evaluation provide the framework of the book, and Segal's unique attention to international perspectives on values around social welfare policies and social programs heightens students' awareness of the global implications of social work around the world.

✦ Table of Contents

Front Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright page......Page 3
Contents......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 16
CHAPTER 1 SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY AND UNDERLYING VALUES......Page 18
What Is Social Welfare?......Page 19
Why Study Social Welfare?......Page 20
Premises for Studying Social Welfare......Page 21
Each Person Is a Part of the Social Welfare System......Page 22
Provision of Social Welfare Services......Page 23
Approaches to the Provision of Social Welfare......Page 24
Values and Beliefs as the Cornerstone of Social Welfare in America......Page 27
Religious Values......Page 28
Personal Values......Page 29
Social Values......Page 30
Conflicting Values and Beliefs in Social Welfare Policy......Page 31
Undeserving Versus Deserving......Page 32
Personal Failure Versus System Failure......Page 33
Self-sufficiency Versus Social Support......Page 34
Crisis Response Versus Prevention......Page 35
Values and Beliefs Guide Policy Making......Page 36
Changing Demographics and the Need for Social Welfare Policies and Programs......Page 38
Final Thoughts......Page 39
CHAPTER 2 HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SOCIAL WELFARE IN AMERICA......Page 42
Colonial Period (1690–1800)......Page 43
Pre–Civil War Period (1800–1860)......Page 46
Civil War and Postwar Period (1861–1874)......Page 47
Impact of the Civil War and Postwar Period......Page 48
Progressive Era (1875–1925)......Page 49
Impact of the Progressive Era......Page 50
Conflicting Beliefs of the Progressive Era......Page 51
The Great Depression and the New Deal (1925–1940)......Page 52
Conflicting Beliefs during the Great Depression and New Deal Era......Page 55
World War II and the Postwar Era (1940–1960)......Page 56
Social Reform (1960–1970s)......Page 57
Impact of the Social Reform Period......Page 58
Retrenchment: Social Welfare Pull-back Starting in the 1970s and Through the 1990s......Page 59
Impact of the Retrenchment Years......Page 62
The New Century......Page 63
Final Thoughts......Page 66
CHAPTER 3 CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY......Page 70
Blaming the Victim......Page 72
The Culture of Poverty and the Underclass......Page 73
Biological Determinism......Page 74
Theories of the Evolution of the Social Welfare System......Page 75
Industrialization and the Social Welfare System......Page 76
Cycles of History......Page 77
Elite Power Theory......Page 78
Economics as a Determinant of Social Welfare Policy......Page 79
Critical Theory......Page 81
Paradigms of the Social Welfare System......Page 82
Social Construction......Page 83
Critical Analysis......Page 84
Distributive Justice......Page 85
Social Empathy......Page 86
Social Work Professional Paradigm......Page 87
Final Thoughts on the Conceptual Foundation of Social Welfare Policy......Page 88
CHAPTER 4 THE DELIVERY OF SOCIAL WELFARE SERVICES......Page 91
History of Social Work......Page 92
Professional Contributions of the Charity Organization Societies and Settlement Movement......Page 94
Government Roles......Page 97
Should the Federal Government Provide Social Services?......Page 99
Private Agencies......Page 101
Public Assistance and Social Insurance......Page 102
Vouchers......Page 104
Social Investment......Page 105
Conflicting Values and Beliefs......Page 106
Final Thoughts on the Delivery of Social Welfare Services......Page 107
CHAPTER 5 SOCIAL JUSTICE AND CIVIL RIGHTS......Page 109
Barriers to Social Justice and Civil Rights......Page 110
The Constitution: Cornerstone of Civil Rights......Page 112
The History of Voting Rights in the United States......Page 113
Voting Rights for African-American Men......Page 114
Voting Rights for Women......Page 115
Mexican Immigration and Latino Voting Rights......Page 116
Protection from Racism......Page 117
Hate Crimes Legislation......Page 120
Affirmative Action......Page 121
Women's Rights......Page 123
Rights of People with Disabilities......Page 129
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Rights......Page 130
Native Americans and Civil Rights......Page 132
Civil Rights and Immigration......Page 134
Final Thoughts on Social Justice and Civil Rights......Page 136
CHAPTER 6 ANALYZING AND RESEARCHING SOCIAL WELFARE POLICIES......Page 141
The Dynamics of Social Welfare Policy Development......Page 142
Incrementalism in Policy Making......Page 143
Window of Opportunity in Policy Making......Page 144
Critical Analysis of Social Welfare Policy......Page 145
Street-Level Bureaucrats......Page 146
Sequential Model of Analysis......Page 147
Critical Theory Model of Analysis......Page 151
Social Welfare Policy and the Political Arena......Page 152
Sequential Model Applied—Welfare Reform......Page 154
Critical Analysis Model Applied—Welfare Reform......Page 156
Social Welfare Policy Research......Page 159
Data and Statistics Sources......Page 160
Government Agencies......Page 161
Government Research Sources......Page 162
Legislative Information......Page 163
State and Local Sources......Page 164
Final Thoughts on Social Welfare Policy Analysis......Page 165
CHAPTER 7 SOCIAL INSURANCE......Page 168
History of Social Security......Page 169
The Twofold Purpose of the Social Security Act......Page 171
Social Insurance......Page 173
Public Assistance......Page 174
How the OASDI Program Works......Page 175
How Important Is Social Security?......Page 177
Limitations of Social Security......Page 178
Changes in the Social Security Program......Page 180
The Future of Social Security......Page 181
Solvency of the Trust Fund......Page 183
Privatization of Social Security......Page 184
Conflicting Values and Beliefs......Page 185
Final Thoughts on Social Insurance......Page 186
CHAPTER 8 POVERTY AND ECONOMIC INEQUALITY......Page 189
Measures of Poverty......Page 190
How Many People Are Poor?......Page 193
Who are the Poor?......Page 194
What Causes Poverty?......Page 199
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)......Page 200
Earned Income Tax Credit......Page 203
Minimum Wage......Page 204
Programs Providing In-kind Support......Page 205
Conflicting Values and Beliefs......Page 207
Personal Failure Versus System Failure......Page 208
Sympathy Versus Empathy......Page 209
Final Thoughts on Poverty......Page 210
CHAPTER 9 ECONOMICS: EMPLOYMENT, BUDGETS, AND TAXES......Page 214
Ideological Differences between Social Work and Economics......Page 215
Cost/Benefit Emphasis......Page 216
Role of the Marketplace......Page 217
Employment and Unemployment......Page 219
Impact of Race and Gender on Employment and Economic Well-being......Page 222
Employment and Job Creation......Page 223
Taxes......Page 225
Unemployment Insurance......Page 228
Minimum Wage......Page 229
Impact of the Federal Budget on Social Welfare Policy......Page 231
What Are Federal Budget Surpluses and Deficits?......Page 232
Budget Priorities......Page 234
Corporate America......Page 236
Changes in the Workforce......Page 237
The Economic Impact of Housing and Mortgages......Page 239
Conflicting Values and Beliefs......Page 240
Final Thoughts on the Impact of the Economy......Page 241
CHAPTER 10 CHILDREN AND FAMILIES......Page 245
Overview of Current Conditions......Page 246
The Child Welfare System......Page 248
Historical Development of Child and Family Policy......Page 249
The Great Depression and the New Deal......Page 252
The 1970s and Child Protection......Page 253
The 1980s and 1990s: Welfare Reform and Preserving Families......Page 254
The New Millennium......Page 256
Income Assistance......Page 257
Food and Nutrition......Page 258
Health Care......Page 259
Child Protective Services......Page 260
Education......Page 264
Emerging Social Concerns......Page 267
Final Thoughts on Children and Families......Page 268
CHAPTER 11 HEALTH CARE POLICY......Page 272
Overview of Health Care Policy in the United States......Page 273
Overview of Mental Health Care Policy in the United States......Page 276
Medicare......Page 277
Medicaid......Page 279
Immunization......Page 280
Supplemental Security Income......Page 281
Community Mental Health Centers......Page 282
Lack of Health Insurance Coverage......Page 283
High Cost of Medical Care......Page 284
Managed Care......Page 285
HIV Infection and AIDS......Page 286
Alcohol and Illegal Drugs......Page 288
Alzheimer's Disease......Page 289
Health Needs of Veterans......Page 290
Final Thoughts on Health Care Policy......Page 291
CHAPTER 12 AGING AND SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY......Page 294
History of Social Welfare Policies Related to Aging......Page 295
Older Americans Act of 1965......Page 296
Protective Services for Elderly People......Page 297
Financial Security......Page 299
Retirement Security......Page 300
Variability in Financial Security by Race and Gender......Page 304
Health Expenses......Page 305
Long-Term Care......Page 306
Medicaid......Page 307
Political Power......Page 308
Intergenerational Relations: Conflict or Cooperation?......Page 309
Final Thoughts on Aging and Social Welfare Policy......Page 310
CHAPTER 13 UNITED STATES SOCIAL WELFARE POLICIES AND INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS......Page 314
Forced Relocation and Enslavement......Page 315
Immigrants and Refugees......Page 316
Globalization......Page 320
Border Policies between Mexico and the United States......Page 321
How Does the United States Compare with Other Nations?......Page 323
Social Welfare and Health......Page 324
Social Security Programs......Page 326
Poverty......Page 327
Climate and Natural Disasters......Page 328
International Relations......Page 329
Final Thoughts......Page 330
CHAPTER 14 THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY AND POLICY PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS......Page 334
How Important Is Social Welfare Policy to Social Workers?......Page 335
The Power of Social Welfare Policy......Page 336
Ensuring Public Safety......Page 337
Providing Public Education......Page 338
How Does Social Welfare Policy Change?......Page 339
Congress and How Laws Are Made......Page 340
Executive Orders......Page 341
Judicial Process......Page 343
The Influence of Advocacy Groups......Page 344
The Power of Voting......Page 346
Advocacy—Getting One's Voice Heard......Page 349
Conflicting Values and Beliefs: Where Do We Go from Here?......Page 352
Developing Social Welfare Policies That Promote Social Justice......Page 353
Final Thoughts on the Impact of Social Welfare Policy......Page 354
GLOSSARY......Page 358
INDEX......Page 362