The Encyclopedia of Actuarial Science presents a timely and comprehensive body of knowledge designed to serve as an essential reference for the actuarial profession and all related business and financial activities, as well as researchers and students in actuarial science and related areas.Drawing on the experience of leading international editors and authors from industry and academic research the encyclopedia provides an authoritative exposition of both quantitative methods and practical aspects of actuarial science and insurance.The cross-disciplinary nature of the work is reflected not only in its coverage of key concepts from business, economics, risk, probability theory and statistics but also by the inclusion of supporting topics such as demography, genetics, operations research and informatics Covers methods for the analysis of social networks and applies them to examples. Part I. Introduction: Networks, Relations, and Structure: 1. Relations and networks in the social and behavioral sciences; 2. Social network data: collection and application; Part II. Mathematical Representations of Social Networks: 3. Notation; 4. Graphs and matrixes; Part III. Structural and Locational Properties: 5. Centrality, prestige, and related actor and group measures; 6. Structural balance, clusterability, and transitivity; 7. Cohesive subgroups; 8. Affiliations, co-memberships, and overlapping subgroups; Part IV. Roles and Positions: 9. Structural equivalence; 10. Blockmodels; 11. Relational algebras; 12. Network positions and roles; Part V. Dyadic and Triadic Methods: 13. Dyads; 14. Triads; Part VI. Statistical Dyadic Interaction Models: 15. Statistical analysis of single relational networks; 16. Stochastic blockmodels and goodness-of-fit indices; Part VII. Epilogue: 17. Future directions