Social Fairness in a Post-Pandemic World: Interdisciplinary Perspectives

✍ Scribed by Hikari Ishido (editor), Jiro Mizushima (editor), Masaya Kobayashi (editor), Xiaofang Zhang (editor)

• Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 277
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book brings a much-needed re-examination of the concepts of social fairness and justice in light of the COVID-19 crisis. Through careful analysis of issues as diverse as the allocation of vaccines through the global system COVAX, women and gender, migrants and refugees, the environment, and social justice, the authors bring novel perspectives on openness, freedom, and well-being. This ambitious collection combines political, economic, historical, philosophical, and cultural analyses to examine whether it is possible to envision a “fair society” after the global COVID-19 pandemic.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1: Introduction: Multi-Layered and Multi-Dimensional Viewpoints towards a Fair Society
1 What Is Fairness? The Relationship between Justice and Fairness in Political Philosophy
2 The Concept of Fairness and the Origination of “Fair Society” Theory
3 Four Elements of Fairness
4 Theoretical Framework of Multiple Levels, Dimensions, and Systems
References
Part I: Global Perspective
2: Fairness in the Global Allocation System for the COVID-19 Vaccine COVAX: Limits to Affected Parties’ Participation in Decision-Making
1 Introduction
Global Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccines
The Problem with Vaccine Nationalism
2 COVAX: An Experiment to Use Market Mechanisms for Fair and Equitable Allocation
Lack of an International Legal System to Regulate Vaccine Allocation
ACT Accelerator
COVAX
Types of Contracts Related to the COVAX Facility
Limited Success
3 Vaccine Allocation Framework in COVAX
Equity and Fairness as a Guiding Principle for the Allocation Framework
Specific Framework for Allocation
Criticisms
Procedural Fairness
Lack of Procedural Fairness in Determining the Allocation Framework
4 Participation of Affected Parties in Decision-Making and its Limitations
Decision-Makers and Affected Parties
The All-Affected Principle and Its Limits
The Drawback That It Is Only Possible to Determine Who the Affected Parties Are After the Fact
Toward Ex-Post Facto Justification
5 Conclusion
References
3: Environment and Economy After COVID-19: Focusing on Global Warming Issues
1 Introduction
2 Global Warming and Climate Change
Mechanism of Global Warming
Factors of Global Warming
3 Environment and Economy
COVID-19 Impact on CO2 Emissions
The Effects of Climate Change
4 Global Warming and Fairness
5 Environmental Fairness
What Is Environmental Fairness?
The Obstructive Factors of Behavioral
Economic instrument-ETS
6 Conclusion
References
4: An Investigation Through Philosophy and Case Studies on Regional Integration, Migrants and Refugees, and the COVID-19 Crisis
1 Introduction
2 What Integration and Justice for Whom? Methodological Considerations on ASEAN and EU
3 Comparison of EU and ASEAN Under the COIVD-19 Pandemic
Vaccine Supply
Discussion and Identity That Slips Through Regional Integration
A “World” That Doesn’t Belong to Anyone
Comparison Between Singapore and Cambodia
Important Concerns
Regional Integration and Creation of New Opportunities
4 Conclusion
References
5: Challenges and Possibilities for Global Economic Cooperation after COVID-19: Focus on East Asia
1 Introduction
2 Economy and Trade in East Asia
3 Economic Cooperation in East Asia (1): Possibilities and Challenges of Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) and Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)
The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)
China–Japan–South Korea Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Negotiations
Impact of RCEP Entry into Force on China’s Trade
4 Economic Cooperation in East Asia (2): Possibilities and Challenges Other than Economic Integration
Japan–China–Korea Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat
Japan–China High-Level Economic Dialogue
China’s “One Belt One Road”
“China–Japan–Korea + X” Cooperation (“Trilateral + X” Cooperation)
China–Northeast Asia Expo & “The Greater Tumen Initiative”
5 Conclusion
References
Part II: Regional Focus
6: Social Justice and the Response to the COVID-19 Crisis in European Countries
1 Introduction
2 International Comparison of Pandemic Response
The “Two Types of Controls” Perspective
Type 1: Western Type
3 Developments in European Countries
Responses of Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom
Intervention in the Lives of Citizens
Resistance by Civil Society
4 The Political Transformation Brought About by the Pandemic: The Re-emergence of National Politics
Introduction of Border Controls
Recovery Fund
The Logic of the “Frugal Four”
Vaccine War
Pandemics in the Age of Populism
5 Conclusion
References
7: Well-being and Fairness in the COVID-19 Crisis in Japan: Insights from Positive Political Psychology
1 Positive Political Psychology
2 The Decline of Well-being during the COVId-19 Crisis
3 Polarization in Physical and Mental Well-Being and Change in Values
4 Well-being and Factors of Change: Relationship of Three Systems
5 Justice/Fairness and Well-being
6 Conclusion: Declining Well-being, Its Polarization, and the Polarization of Values
Addendum: Supplementary Theoretical Arguments
References
8: Coping with COVID-19: Policy Responses and Citizens’ Well-Being in Australia
References
9: Mexico Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic: Ineffective Societal and Governmental Responses in a Country with a High Level of Socioeconomic Inequality and a Precarious Health System
1 Introduction: Important Factors That Hindered COVID-19 Pandemic Appropriate Control
2 A New Crisis in a Country Characterized by Socioeconomic Unfairness
3 Healthcare Crisis: Inadequate Hospitals Infrastructure and an Insufficiency of Medical Resources
4 Governmental Decisions to Control the COVID-19 Pandemic
5 Lack of Social Pressure and Sanctions for Not Attaining Mandatory Governmental Regulations
6 Soft Tourism Regulations with Almost No Restrictions Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic
7 Vaccination as the Main Factor to Decrease the Number of Deaths Related to COVID-19
8 The Post-COVID Scenario in México
References
10: APEC’s Response to the COVID-19 Crisis and Social Justice
1 Introduction
2 “Open Regionalism” of APEC
APEC’s Potential for “Openness” and “Regionalism” (“Two Focal Points”)
The Ideal of a Fair and Global Society Based on Immunity
APEC is Open to Regionalism (Self) and Extraterritoriality (Non-Self)
3 APEC’s Response to the COVID-19 Crisis APEC Ministers Responsible for Trade Meeting, Summit Meeting, and Response to the COVID-19 Crisis
Sovereignty Conflicts and Social Justice
4 APEC and Global Social Justice
APEC’s Response to the Corona Disaster
APEC’s Three APEC Priorities and Fairness in Thailand in 2022
The “Principle of Being Open” as Two Focal Points
Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics, WTO, EU, and Social Justice
5 Conclusion
References
Part III: Thematic Issues
11: COVID-19 and Its Impact on Women and Gender
1 Introduction
2 The Background of the Study for This Chapter
3 Methodology
4 Findings from the Analysis
5 The Impact of COVID-19 and SDGs
6 Conclusion
References
12: Modern Japanese Literature and Infectious Diseases: Representations of Infectious Diseases and Social Fairness in Literary Works
1 Introduction
Tracing the History of Infectious Diseases Through Literature
2 Representations of Infectious Diseases in Modern Japanese Literature
Spread of Infectious Disease and War in Modern Times
The Spread of Infectious Diseases and Industrialization in Modern Times
3 Impact of the Spread of Infectious Diseases as Seen in Literary Works
Feelings of Guilt and a Frenzy to Differentiate and Exclude
Exclusion From the Group
Infectious Diseases and Gender Inequality
4 Attitudes Toward Infectious Diseases Suggested by Literati
From the Image of Death to the Hope of Living
Becoming Free from the Gaze of Others
5 Conclusion
Pandemics of Infectious Diseases and the Future of Social Fairness
References
13: Interim Conclusion
1 Global Multi-Layered Analysis on Fairness
2 The Prospect of Fair Societies through the COVID-19 Crisis
References
Index