Smart Polymers: Principles and Applications

✍ Scribed by García J.M., García F.C., Ruiz J.A.R., Vallejos S., Trigo-López M.

• Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 154
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Smart polymers react sharply to small changes in physical or chemical conditions and present an intelligent response to chemical stimuli (i.e., chemical species -including biomolecules-, pH, solvents, redox, stimuli that trigger controlled depolymerization) and physical stimuli (i.e., temperature, light, mechanical stress and electrical stimuli). For these reasons, the interest in smart polymers has recently increased exponentially, especially in biological stimuli (i.e., application of polymer-based biosensors, drug delivery, tissue engineering, precision medicine and cell therapy). This book offers a unique opportunity to review the physical-chemical fundamentals of smart polymers, and their behaviour. It also provides an excellent review of the main applications of smart polymers.
Discusses fundamental principles.
Covers sensors based on smart polymers.
Provides an overview of the latest applications of smart polymers in the biomedical research field.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Also of Interest
Smart Polymers: Principles and Applications
Copyright
Contents
1. General introduction and preface
2. Fundamentals of smart polymers
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Response to physical stimuli
2.2.1 Temperature as stimulus
2.2.2 Light as stimulus
2.2.3 Electrical stimuli
2.2.4 Mechanical stress as stimulus
2.3 Response to chemical stimuli
2.3.1 Chemical species as stimulus
2.3.2 pH as stimulus
2.3.3 Solvent as stimulus
2.3.4 Redox as stimulus
2.3.5 Varied stimuli that trigger controlled depolymerization
2.4 Response to biological stimuli
2.4.1 Polymer-based biosensors
2.4.2 Drug delivery
2.4.3 Tissue engineering
2.4.4 Precision medicine and cell therapy
2.5 Multiple stimuli-responsive polymers
3. Sensory polymers
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Classification of sensory polymers by stimulus
3.2.1 Chemical stimuli: targets
3.2.2 Physical stimuli
3.3 Classification of sensory polymers by mechanism
3.3.1 Reversible mechanism-based sensory polymers
3.3.1.1 Indicator displacement assays
3.3.1.2 Molecularly imprinted polymers
3.3.1.3 Organometallic complexes formation
3.3.1.4 Transduction mechanisms based on electrical conductivity
3.3.1.5 Other reversible mechanisms
3.3.2 Irreversible mechanism-based sensory polymers
3.3.2.1 Polydosimeters
3.3.2.2 Polymers containing enzymatically degradable bonds
3.3.2.3 Other irreversible mechanisms
3.4 Classification of sensory polymers by response
3.4.1 Colorimetric sensory polymers
3.4.2 Fluorometric sensory polymers
3.4.3 Electrochemical sensory polymers
3.5 List of the most relevant sensory polymers sorted by application
3.6 Immobilization of biomolecules
3.6.1 Introduction
3.6.1.1 Orientation
3.6.1.2 Linkage
3.6.2 Smart polymers for the immobilization of biomolecules
3.6.2.1 Type 1 smart polymers
a) Preparation of Type 1 smart polymers by using plasma and functionalized polymers
b) Preparation of Type 1 smart polymers by using click reactions
c) Preparation of Type 1 smart polymers based on molecularly imprinted polymers
d) Preparation of Type 1 smart polymers based on three-dimensional substrates
e) Preparation of Type 1 smart polymers based on atom transfer radical polymerization
3.6.2.2 Type 2 smart polymers
a) Preparation of Type 2 smart polymers based on plasma modifications and 3‑aminopropyltriethoxysilane
b) Preparation of Type 2 smart polymers based on plasma modifications and boronic acids
c) Preparation of Type 2 smart polymers based on plasma modifications and material binding peptides
d) Preparation of Type 2 smart polymers with DNA directed immobilization
e) Preparation of Type 2 smart polymers with enzymes assistance
3.6.2.3 Type 2 pseudo-smart polymers
a) Preparation of Type 2 pseudo-smart polymers by entrapment
b) Preparation of Type 2 pseudo-smart polymers with self-assembled monolayers
c) Preparation of Type 2 pseudo-smart polymers with layer-by-layer materials
d) Preparation of Type 2 pseudo-smart polymers with Langmuir–Blodgett films
3.6.2.4 Type 3 smart polymers
a) Preparation of Type 3 smart polymers based on Fc binding protein
b) Preparation of Type 3 smart polymers based on streptavidin/avidin and biotin interaction
4. Emerging applications of smart polymers in biomedicine
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Drug delivery
4.2.1 Introduction
4.2.2 Polymers for drug delivery
4.2.3 Stimuli-responsive polymers
4.2.3.1 Temperature sensitive polymers
4.2.3.2 pH-sensitive polymers
4.2.3.3 Redox-potential sensitive polymers
4.2.3.4 Light-sensitive polymers
4.2.3.5 Electric field-sensitive polymers
4.2.3.6 Magnetic field-sensitive polymers
4.2.3.7 Bioresponsive polymers
a) Glucose-sensitive polymers
b) Enzyme-responsive polymers
c) Antigen/antibody-responsive polymers
4.2.3.8 Multi stimuli-responsive polymers
4.3 Tissue engineering
4.3.1 Introduction
4.3.2 Materials for smart hydrogels
4.3.2.1 Natural polymers
4.3.2.2 Synthetic polymers
4.3.3 Stimuli-responsive hydrogels in tissue regeneration
4.3.4 Recent developments and applications
4.4 Precision medicine and cell therapy
4.4.1 Introduction
4.4.2 Precision medicine
4.4.2.1 Non-invasive surgery
4.4.2.2 3D bioprinting processes in medical applications
4.4.2.3 Microfluidic devices based on smart polymers
4.4.3 Cell therapy
4.4.3.1 Cancer treatment
a) pH-Responsive polymers in tumour treatment
b) Redox-responsive polymers
c) Targeting folate using smart polymers
4.4.3.2 Recent advancements in nanotherapeutics of degenerative diseases
5. Conclusions, challenges and perspectives
References
Index