Smart Cities: Cyber Situational Awareness to Support Decision Making

✍ Scribed by Nataliia Neshenko, Elias Bou-Harb, Borko Furht

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 134
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book overviews the drivers behind the smart city vision, describes its dimensions and introduces the reference architecture. It further enumerates and classifies threats targeting the smart city concept, links corresponding attacks, and traces the impact of these threats on operations, society and the environment. 

This book also introduces analytics-driven situational awareness, provides an overview of the respective solutions and highlights the prevalent limitations of these methods. The research agenda derived from the study emphasizes the demand and challenges for developing holistic approaches to transition these methods to practice equipping the user with extensive knowledge regarding the detected attack instead of a sole indicator of ongoing malicious events. It introduces a cyber-situational awareness framework that can be integrated into smart city operations to provide timely evidence-based insights regarding cyber incidents and respective system responses to assist decision-making. 

This book targets researchers working in cybersecurity as well as advanced-level computer science students focused on this field. Cybersecurity operators will also find this book useful as a reference guide.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
What Is Covered in This Book?
Contents
Part I Cybersecurity of Smart City
1 Rise of Smart Cities
1.1 Forces of Change
1.2 Set the Scene for Smart City
1.2.1 What Make City Smart?
1.2.2 Dimensions of Smart City
1.2.2.1 Physical Tier
1.2.2.2 Technological Tier
1.2.2.3 Analytical Tier
1.2.2.4 Operational Tier
1.2.2.5 Management Tier
1.2.2.6 Stakeholder Tier
1.3 Summary
References
2 Cyber Brittleness of Smart Cities
2.1 Cybersecurity of Smart Cities vs Enterprise IT Security
2.2 Cyber Incidents: Decades in Retrospect
2.2.1 The Colonial Pipeline Attack
2.2.2 Israel's Water System Attack
2.2.3 Onslow Water and Sewer Company Hack
2.2.4 Battle of City Atlanta
2.2.5 Kemuri Water Company
2.2.6 Ukraine Power Grid Attack
2.2.7 German Steel Mill Attack
2.2.8 The Cyber-Attack on Saudi Aramco
2.3 Adversary Model
2.3.1 Attackers
2.3.2 Impact of Cyber-Attacks
2.3.3 Categorization of Cyber Threats
2.3.3.1 Discovery Threats
2.3.3.2 Infrastructure Threats
2.3.3.3 Data Threats
2.3.3.4 Third-Party Vulnerability
2.4 Summary
References
Part II Cyber Situational Awareness for Smart City
3 Cyber Situational Awareness Frontiers
3.1 Toward Analytics-Driven Situational Awareness
3.1.1 Data Analytical Techniques
3.1.1.1 Machine Learning and Data Mining Methods
3.1.1.2 Knowledge-Based Models
3.1.2 Threat Perception: Attack Detection Methods
3.1.3 Evaluation Metrics
3.1.4 Threat Comprehension: Risk Analysis and Cyber Threat Intelligence
3.1.5 Risk Analysis
3.1.6 Cyber Threat Intelligence
3.1.7 Threat Projection: Strategies for Modeling Cascading Effect
3.2 Analytics-Driven Cyber Situational Awareness for Smart City: Are We There Yet?
3.2.1 Toward Threat Coverage
3.2.2 Toward Human Cognition Engagement
3.2.3 Toward Data Availability
3.3 Summary
References
4 Cyber Situational Awareness for Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) Deployed in Smart City
4.1 Development of Successful Situational Awareness Program
4.1.1 Plan for Situational Awareness
4.1.2 Collect and Analyze Relevant Data
4.1.3 Communicate to Make Appropriate Decisions
4.1.4 Enhance Process and Technology
4.2 Framework Overview
4.2.1 Design Considerations
4.2.2 Detailed Design
4.2.2.1 Module 1: Behavior Fingerprinting
4.2.2.2 Module 2: Attack Inference
4.2.2.3 Module 3: Attack Localization
4.2.2.4 Module 4: Impact Assessment
4.2.2.5 Module 5: Interactive Visualization
4.3 Continuous Improvement: Evaluation Strategy
4.4 Summary
References
5 Case Study: Situational Awareness for Water Treatment Systems
5.1 History of Attacks Against Water Infrastructure
5.1.1 Israel's Water System Attack
5.1.2 Onslow Water and Sewer Company Hack
5.1.3 Kemuri Water Company
5.1.4 The Maroochy Water Services Attack
5.2 Cyber Situation Awareness for Water Treatment Plant
5.2.1 Cyber-Physical Process Overview
5.2.2 Dataset Overview
5.2.2.1 Attack Scenarios
5.2.3 Operational Patterns Examination
5.2.4 Cyber Incident Detection
5.2.5 Anomaly Localization
5.2.6 Interactive Visualization
5.3 Summary
References
6 Looking Ahead: Future Perspectives and Opportunities of Cyber Situational Awareness for Smart Cities
6.1 Challenges and Future Perspective
6.2 Summary
References