Smart 3D Nanoprinting: Fundamentals, Materials, and Applications

✍ Scribed by Tuan Anh Nguyen, Ram K. Gupta, Ajit Behera (editor)

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 343
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Examining smart 3D printing at the nanoscale, this book discusses various methods of fabrication, the presence of inherent defects and their annihilation, property analysis, and emerging applications across an array of industries. The book serves to bridge the gap between the concept of nanotechnology and the tailorable properties of smart 3D-print products.

FEATURES

• Covers surface and interface analysis and smart technologies in 3D nanoprinting

• Details different materials, such as polymers, metals, semiconductors, glassceramics, and composites, as well as their selection criteria, fabrication, and defect analysis at nanoscale

• Describes optimization and modeling and the effect of machine parameters on 3D-printed products

• Discusses critical barriers and opportunities

• Explores emerging applications in manufacturing industries, such as aerospace, healthcare, automotive, energy, construction, and defense

Smart 3D Nanoprinting: Fundamentals, Materials, and Applications is aimed at advanced students, researchers, and industry professionals in materials, manufacturing, chemical, and mechanical engineering. This book offers readers a comprehensive overview of the properties, opportunities, and applications of smart 3D nanoprinting.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Editors
1. 3D Printing for Hybrid Nanocomposites: Selection Criteria, Fabrication and Defect Analysis
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Hybrid Nanocomposites
1.3 Selection Criteria of Components in Hybrid Composites
1.3.1 Feedstock Composition
1.3.2 Thermophysical Properties
1.3.3 Rheological Properties
1.4 Fabrication Method in 3D Printing Using Hybrid Nanocomposites
1.4.1 Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)
1.4.2 Direct Ink Writing (DIW) or Robocasting
1.4.3 Digital Light Process (DLP)
1.5 Defect Analysis
1.5.1 Defect Types
1.5.1.1 Porosity
1.5.1.2 Anisotropic Properties
1.5.1.3 Distortion and Cracking
1.5.1.4 Stringing
1.5.2 Detection Methods
1.5.2.1 X-Ray Microcomputed Tomography (µ-XCT or MicroCT)
1.5.2.2 Infrared (IR) Detection
1.5.2.3 Ultrasonic Evaluation
1.5.2.4 Machine Learning-Based Detection Methods
1.6 Conclusion
References
2. 3D Nanoprinting in the Aero-Industries
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Additive Manufacturing
2.1.2 Additive Manufacturing Methods
2.1.2.1 Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)
2.1.2.2 Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)
2.1.2.3 Stereolithography (SL)
2.1.2.4 Polyjet
2.1.2.5 Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
2.1.2.6 Electron Beam Melting (EBM)
2.1.2.7 Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS)
2.1.2.8 Three-Dimensional Printing (3DP)
2.1.2.9 Prometal
2.1.3 Importance of Additive Manufacturing for Aero Industries
2.2 Materials Used in Additive Manufacturing
2.2.1 Nanoscale Materials Used in Additive Manufacturing
2.3 Challenges
2.4 Applications and Trends
2.5 Conclusion
References
3. Smart 3D Nano-Printing in Automobile Industry
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Material and Techniques Used in the Automobile Industry
3.2.1 Materials
3.2.1.1 Plastics
3.2.1.2 ABS
3.2.1.3 PLA
3.2.1.4 Polycarbonate
3.2.1.5 Polyamides
3.2.1.6 Polypropylene
3.2.1.7 Metals
3.2.1.8 Composites
3.2.2 Various Techniques
3.2.2.1 SDL
3.2.2.2 EBM
3.2.2.3 DLP
3.2.2.4 MULTIJET FUSION
3.2.2.5 POLYJET
3.2.2.6 SLM/DSLM
3.2.2.7 SLA
3.2.2.8 SLS
3.2.2.9 FDM
3.3 Recent Developments
3.4 3D Printed Automobile Parts
3.4.1 Automakers in the 3D Printing Business
3.4.1.1 Ford Motors
3.4.1.2 BMW
3.4.1.3 Volkswagen
3.4.1.4 McLaren
3.4.1.5 Porsche
3.4.1.6 General Electric
3.4.1.7 AUDI
3.4.1.8 Buggati Veyron
3.4.1.9 Rolls-Royce
3.4.2 Additional Applications
3.4.2.1 Cadillac Blackwing V-Series
3.4.2.2 Brake Ducts in Aston Martin
3.4.2.3 Parking Brake Brackets
3.4.2.4 Gear Lever and Pedals
3.4.2.5 3D Printed Ceramic Disc Rotor for Radar Antennae
3.4.2.6 Bike Modelling
3.4.2.7 Opportunities for Small Shop Owners
3.5 Advantages
3.6 Future Scope
3.7 Conclusions
References
4. 3D Nanoprinting in the Biomedical/Health Care Applications
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Fused-Deposition Modelling (FDM)
4.1.2 Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
4.1.3 Stereolithography
4.2 Nanofibers
4.3 Cell Printing and Implantation
4.4 Design of Scaffolds and Printing of Mammalian Cells or Tissue
4.5 Material for Cell Printing
4.6 Regulatory Aspects Related to 3D Printing
4.7 Limitations
4.8 Conclusion
References
5. 3D Printing of 2D Nanomaterials
5.1 Introduction
5.2 2D Materials for Inks
5.2.1 Graphene
5.2.2 MXene
5.2.3 MoS2
5.2.4 Black Phosphorous
5.2.5 Hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN)
5.3 Practical Applications of 3D Printing for 2D Materials Based Nano Structures
5.3.1 Hexagonal Boron Nitride Based Nanocomposites
5.3.2 Use of 3D Printing Based (MXene) Ink for Fabrication of Micro-Supercapacitors
5.3.3 3D Printing of MoS2-Graphene Based Aerogels for Anodes of Sodium Ion Batteries
5.3.4 3D Printing of 2D Materials Based on Alignment
5.3.5 3D-Printed Graphene for Biological Biosensors
5.3.6 3D Printing of PVA/Hexagonal Boron Nitride Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering
5.4 Extrusion Based 3D Printing of 2D Materials
5.4.1 3D Printing of Nanomaterials-Based Electrodes for Batteries
5.4.2 Extrusion Based Printing for Electrochemical Capacitors
5.4.3 Extrusion Printed Sensing Devices
5.4.3.1 Temperature Sensors
5.4.3.2 Chemical Sensors
5.4.3.3 Strain Sensors
5.5 Conclusion
References
6. SMART Nano-Sensors via 3D Printing Technology
6.1 Introduction to Sensors
6.1.1 Classification of Sensors
6.1.2 Nano-Sensors
6.2 Overview of Additive Manufacturing
6.2.1 Additive Manufacturing's (3D Printing) Potential Applications
6.2.2 Methods of Additive Manufacturing for Nano-Sensor Fabrication
6.3 Classification of 3D-Printed Nano-Sensors
6.3.1 3D-Printed Physical Nano-Sensors
6.3.1.1 Mechanical Nano-Sensor
6.3.1.2 Strain Sensors
6.3.1.3 Accelerometer Sensor
6.3.1.4 Displacement Sensor
6.3.1.5 Force Sensors
6.3.1.6 Stress Sensors
6.3.1.7 Flow Rate Sensors
6.3.1.8 Temperature Sensors
6.3.1.9 Particle Sensors
6.3.1.10 Tactile Sensors
6.3.2 3D-Printed Bio-NanoSensors
6.3.2.1 Biomolecular Sensors
6.3.2.2 Immunosensors
6.3.2.3 Microbial Sensors
6.3.2.4 Cell-Based Sensors
6.3.2.5 Bionic Sensors
6.3.3 3D-Printed Chemical Sensors
6.3.3.1 Liquid Sensors
6.3.3.2 Gas Sensors
6.3.3.3 pH Sensors
6.3.4 Nanomaterials for Nano-Sensors
6.3.5 Applications of Nano-Sensors in Robotics
6.4 Summary and Conclusions
6.4.1 Challenges
6.4.2 Future Prospects
Acknowledgement
References
7. 3D Nanoprinting in the Biomedical Industries
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Challenges in Conventional Medication
7.3 Nanotechnology Based 3D Printing
7.4 Application of 3D-Based Nanoprinting in Healthcare
7.5 Regulatory Constraints
7.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
8. 3D Printing of Nanocomposites
8.1 Introduction
8.2 3D Printing of Nanocomposites
8.3 Matrix Material for 3D Printing of Nanocomposites
8.4 Mechanical Strength of 3D Printed Nanocomposites
8.4.1 Tensile Strength
8.4.2 Compressive Strength
8.4.3 Flexural Strength
8.5 Thermal Properties of 3D-Printed Nanocomposites
8.6 3D-Printed Nanocomposites and Biomimicry
8.7 3D-Printed Nanocomposites in Biomedical Application
References
9. Nanomaterial Used in 3D Printing Technology
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Nanocomposites in Conjunction to Additive Manufacturing Technology
9.1.2 Developments of Additive Manufcturing Technology: 3D Printing
9.1.3 3D Print Material Optimization
9.1.4 Other Applications of Nanoparticle-Based Modified Materials
9.1.5 Scope of Nanoparticle-Based Materials in Construction Industry
9.2 Additive Manufacturing Technology and the Construction Industry
9.3 Summary
References
10. 3D Printed Batteries: Architecture, Nanomaterials Processing, Properties, and Performance
10.1 Introduction
10.2 3D Printing Techniques for Battery Manufacturing
10.2.1 Overview
10.2.2 Direct Ink Writing (DIW)
10.2.3 Inkjet Printing (IJP)
10.2.4 Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)
10.2.5 Stereolithography (SLA)
10.2.6 Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
10.3 3D-Printable Nanomaterials for Battery Components
10.3.1 Overview
10.3.2 Cathode Materials
10.3.3 Anode Materials
10.3.4 Electrolyte Materials
10.3.5 Separator, Current Collector, and Packaging Materials
10.4 3D Construction Strategies for Printed Batteries
10.4.1 Overview
10.4.2 Sandwich Structures
10.4.3 Integrated Structures
10.4.4 Concentric Micropillar Arrays
10.4.5 3D Scaffolds
10.4.6 Fibres
10.5 Performance of 3D-Printed Batteries
10.6 Conclusions, Challenges, and Future Outlook
References
11. Evaluation of Dimensional Inaccuracy in 3D Printed Products: A Brief Overview
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Dimensional Accuracy
11.3 Dimensional Precision in Photo Polymerization Process
11.4 Dimensional Precision in Other AM Process
11.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
12. 3D Nanoprinting in Oral Health Care Applications
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Applications of 3D Nanoprinting in Dentistry
12.3 3D Nanoprinting and Digital Dental Workflow: From Digital Model to 3D Printing
12.3.1 3D Printing Technologies
12.4 3D Nanoprinting in Dental Materials and Prosthesis
12.4.1 Materials Used for 3D/4D Printing in Dentistry
12.4.2 3D Printing Applications in Prosthetics
12.5 3D Nanoprinting in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bone Regeneration, and Tissue Engineering
12.5.1 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
12.5.2 Bone Regeneration and Tissue Engineering
12.6 3D Nanoprinting in Ednodontics, Orthodontics, and Oral Medicine
12.6.1 3D Printing in Endodontics
12.6.2 3D Printing in Orthodontics and Oral Medicine
12.7 Future Directions
References
13. 3D Printing of Smart Materials: A Path toward Evolution of 4D Printing
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Classification of Smart Materials
13.2.1 Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs)
13.2.2 Shape Memory Polymers (SMPs)
13.2.2.1 Thermo-Responsive SMP
13.2.2.2 Moisture-Responsive SMP
13.2.2.3 Chemo-Responsive SMP
13.2.2.4 Photo-Responsive SMP
13.2.3 Hydrogel
13.2.4 Liquid Crystal Elastomers (LCEs)
13.2.5 Dielectric Elastomers (DEs)
13.2.6 Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (IMPCs)
13.2.7 Piezoelectric Materials
13.2.8 SMCs and SMHs
13.3 Printers for 4D Printing
13.3.1 FDM
13.3.2 SLA
13.3.3 SLS
13.3.4 SLM
13.3.5 Polyjet Printer
13.4 Summary
References
14. Performance of Smart Alloys in Manufacturing Processes during Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing: A Short Review on SMA and Metal Alloys
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Material Processing of Smart Materials
14.3 Subtractive Manufacturing of Smart Materials
14.4 Additive Manufacturing of Smart Materials
14.5 Properties and Performance
14.5.1 Mechanical Properties
14.5.2 Wear Resistance
14.5.3 Surface Finish
14.5.4 Porosity
14.6 Conclusion and Aspects of Research
References
15. Manufacturing of 3D Print Biocompatible Shape Memory Alloys
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Additive Manufacturing Techniques
15.2.1 History of Additive Manufacturing
15.2.2 Modern Methods of Additive Manufacturing
15.2.2.1 VAT Photopolymerization
15.2.2.2 Material Jetting
15.2.2.3 Material Extrusion
15.2.2.4 Powder Bed Fusion
15.2.2.5 Binder Jetting
15.2.2.6 Direct Energy Deposition
15.2.2.7 Sheet Lamination
15.2.2.8 Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
15.3 Fabrication Procedure of SMA by AM Techniques
15.3.1 Fabrication of Nitinol by Additive Manufacturing
15.3.1.1 Powder-Based Technique for Fabrication of Nitinol
15.3.1.2 Flow-Based Technique for Fabrication of Nitinol
15.3.2 Fabrication of Copper-Based Alloy by Additive Manufacturing
15.3.2.1 Fabrication of CuAlNi by Selective Laser Melting (SLM)
15.3.2.2 Fabrication of CuAlNiMn by Selective Laser Melting
15.3.3 Fabrication of NiMnGa Alloy by Additive Manufacturing
15.4 Nanoscaled Fabrications of SMA through AM
15.5 Characteristics of SMA Obtained from AM
15.5.1 Mechanical Properties of Additive Manufactured SMA
15.5.2 Fracture Analysis of Additive Manufactured SMA
15.5.3 Dislocations Present in Additive Manufactured SMA
15.5.4 Precipitates Formed in Additive Manufactured SMA
15.5.5 Phase Transformation Temperature of Additive Manufactured SMA
15.6 Merits and Demerits of AM
15.7 Summary
References
16. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Nano-Fillers Impact on Shape Memory Properties of 3D Printed Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) Filament
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Experimental Methodology
16.2.1 Materials
16.2.2 Methods
16.2.2.1 Composite Processing
16.2.2.2 3D Printing
16.2.2.3 Force Assembly Fabrication
16.2.3 Apparatus for Characterization
16.2.3.1 ATR-FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy)
16.2.3.2 TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis)
16.2.4 Shape Memory Properties
16.2.4.1 Compression Test for Spring of Force Assembly
16.2.4.2 Shape Memory Properties Evolution
16.3 Results and Discussions
16.3.1 FTIR Investigation
16.3.2 TGA Analysis
16.3.3 Spring Force Calculation
16.3.4 Shape Memory Properties (SMP)
16.3.4.1 SMP Performance of SMPU Composite Filaments
16.3.4.2 3D Printing Effect on SMP of SMPU
16.4 Conclusion and Future Scope
16.4.1 Forthcoming Prospective and Difficulties
16.4.2 Conclusion
References
Index