Single Quantum Dots: Fundamentals, Applications and New Concepts

✍ Scribed by Michler P. (ed.)

Publisher: Springer
Year: 2004
Tongue: English
Leaves: 367
Series: Topics in Applied Physics
Category: Library

No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.

✦ Synopsis

Special focus is given to the optical and electronic properties of single quantum dots due to their potential applications in devices operating with single electrons and/or single photons. This includes quantum dots in electric and magnetic fields, cavity-quantum electrodynamics, nonclassical light generation, and coherent optical control of excitons.

✦ Table of Contents

cover.jpg......Page 1
front-matter.pdf......Page 2
Introduction......Page 13
Formation of Quantum Dots, Quantum Rings and Strain Effects on Island Nucleation......Page 14
Positioning and Ordering Quantum Dots......Page 16
Island Nucleation and Quantum Dot Lattices......Page 18
Strain Effects and Growth Characteristics of Quantum Dots......Page 20
The Atom-Like'' Shell Model for the Quantum Dots......Page 22 Photoluminescence Properties of Quantum Dots......Page 23 Excitons in Coupled Quantum Dots......Page 25 Information Storage using Quantum Dots......Page 28 A Spin Polarized Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode......Page 30 Conclusions......Page 32 References......Page 33 Index......Page 37 Introduction......Page 38 Single-Particle States......Page 39 Strain Effects......Page 40 Strain-Induced Corrections to the Dot Potential......Page 44 Disk-Shaped Dots......Page 45 Lens-Shaped Dots......Page 49 k p Models......Page 51 Tight-binding Models......Page 55 First Principle Methods......Page 56 Coupled Dots......Page 58 Excitons in Jacobi Coordinates......Page 62 Magneto-Excitons......Page 66 Exciton in a Double Quantum Dot Molecule......Page 67 Exciton, Biexciton, and Charged Exciton......Page 70 Exciton--Phonon Interaction and Raman Scattering......Page 72 Exciton and Biexciton in an Optical Cavity......Page 74 Multi-Exciton Complexes......Page 75 Exact Diagonalization Technique......Page 77 Hidden Symmetries......Page 79 Excited States and Emission Spectra......Page 84 Charged Quantum Dots......Page 86 Ground State of Charged Dots......Page 87 Emission......Page 90 Absorption......Page 94 Photocurrent Spectroscopy......Page 98 References......Page 99 Index......Page 105 Introduction......Page 106 Experimental Technique......Page 112 Excitonic Absorption in Quantum Dots......Page 115 Dephasing of the Ground State Exciton......Page 125 Fine Structure of Excitons and Excitonic Complexes......Page 127 Faraday Configuration......Page 130 Voigt Configuration......Page 135 Fine Structure of the Biexciton......Page 138 Charged Excitons......Page 141 Quantum Dot Molecules......Page 148 Conclusions......Page 156 References......Page 158 Index......Page 160 Introduction......Page 161 Single Excitons in a Quantum Dot......Page 163 Single Exciton Transitions and Exciton--Phonon Coupling......Page 164 Electron--Hole Exchange Interaction......Page 168 Biexciton Binding Energy in II--VI Single Quantum Dots......Page 171 Coupling to the Radiation Field -- Exciton Versus Biexciton......Page 173 Charged Excitons......Page 175 Lateral Electrical Fields......Page 178 Vertical Electrical Fields......Page 180 Applying Magnetic Fields -- The Zeeman Effect......Page 181 Giant Magneto-Optical Effects in a Zero-Dimensional System......Page 185 Statistical Fluctuations of the Nano-Scale Magnetization......Page 188 Summary and Outlook......Page 192 References......Page 193 Index......Page 198 History of Dot Lasers......Page 200 Motivation/Applications/Material Systems......Page 202 Artificial versus Self Assembly......Page 203 Epitaxially Fabricated Quantum Dot Lasers......Page 204 Specific Problems of Self-assembled Quantum Dot Laser Structures......Page 206 InAs-GaAs Quantum Dot Lasers......Page 208 Shift of the Emission Wavelength to the Telecom Windows......Page 210 Low Threshold Current Density and Temperature Sensitivity......Page 211 Long Wavelength VCSELs......Page 212 Are Dot Lasers Mature for Industrial Applications?......Page 214 InP-GaInP Dot Lasers......Page 215 GaP as Substrate for Dot Lasers?......Page 218 Nitride Quantum Dots for Laser Action......Page 219 ZnSe Based Quantum Dot Lasers......Page 220 Electron Beam Lithography......Page 221 Structurization Technology......Page 222 Electronic States and Statistics......Page 223 Optical Transitions......Page 225 Dot Laser Threshold......Page 226 Modulation Limit......Page 232 Key Parameters......Page 233 Static Characteristics......Page 234 Modulation Dynamics......Page 236 Chirp......Page 237 High Power Lasers......Page 238 Conclusions......Page 240 References......Page 241 Index......Page 251 Introduction......Page 253 Optical Bloch Equations......Page 254 Ensemble of Identical Two-level Systems: Density Matrix......Page 258 Beyond the Two-level Approximation: Many-level Systems......Page 261 Optical Experiments......Page 262 Radiative Processes......Page 264 Exciton--Phonon Interaction......Page 266 Coulomb Interactions......Page 271 Optical Rabi Oscillations in (In,Ga)As Quantum Dots......Page 274 Summary and Outlook......Page 280 References......Page 281 Index......Page 286 Introduction......Page 287 Some Assets of Self-Assembled QDs for Quantum Optics......Page 288 Weak and Strong Coupling Regimes: Some Basics......Page 290 The Strong Coupling Regime......Page 291 Weak Coupling Regime: The Purcell Effect......Page 293 Presentation of Available 0D Semiconductor Microcavities......Page 296 Pillar Microcavities......Page 297 Microdisks......Page 301 Photonic Crystal Microcavities......Page 302 Single QDs and the Strong Coupling Regime......Page 303 InAs QDs in Planar Cavities......Page 306 Purcell Effect for QD Arrays in 0D Microcavities......Page 307 Purcell Effect for Single QDs in 0D Microcavities......Page 312 Nearly'' Single-Mode Spontaneous Emission......Page 315
QD-Microcavity Lasers: Toward Single QD-Lasers......Page 317
Single QD Lasing Without Purcell Effect (F<1)......Page 319
Single-QD Lasing With a Strong Purcell Effect......Page 320
The Single-Mode Single Photon Source and the Photon Collection Issue......Page 321
Generation of Indistinguishable Single Photons and Entangled Photon Pairs......Page 326
References......Page 327
Index......Page 333
Introduction......Page 334
Photon Statistics......Page 335
Photon Cascade from a Quantum Dot......Page 339
Experimental: Photon Statistic Measurements......Page 341
Photon Antibunching in Single Quantum Dot Photoluminescence......Page 342
A Quantum Dot Single-Photon Source......Page 345
Triggered Single Photons from a Single Quantum Dot......Page 346
Single Photons from Quantum Dots Coupled to a Microcavity......Page 348
Single Photon Emission from a Microdisk......Page 349
Single Photon Emission from a Micropillar......Page 353
Electrically Driven Single-Photon Source......Page 355
Correlated Photon Pairs from a Single Quantum Dot......Page 357
CW Biexciton--Exciton Correlation......Page 358
CW Trion Correlation with Exciton and Biexciton......Page 359
Pulsed Biexciton--Exciton Cascade......Page 361
Summary and Outlook......Page 363
References......Page 365
Index......Page 367

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