Shape Memory Polymers for Biomedical Applications

✍ Scribed by Yahia, L(Editor)

• Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
• Year: 2015
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 640
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are an emerging class of smart polymers which give scientists the ability to process the material into a permanent state and predefine a second temporary state which can be triggered by different stimuli. The changing chemistries of SMPs allows scientists to tailor important properties such as strength, stiffness, elasticity and expansion rate. Consequently SMPs are being increasingly used and developed for minimally invasive applications where the material can expand and develop post insertion. This book will provide readers with a comprehensive review of shape memory polymer technologies. Part 1 will discuss the fundamentals and mechanical aspects of SMPs. Chapters in part 2 will look at the range of technologies and materials available for scientific manipulation whilst the final set of chapters will review applications.

✦ Table of Contents

Front Cover......Page 1
Stimuli Responsive Polymeric Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery Applications: Advanced Nanocarriers for Therapeutics, Volume 2......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Contents for volume 1......Page 12
List of contributors......Page 20
Preface......Page 26
Part One: Dual-Stimuli Responsive Polymers......Page 28
1.1 Introduction......Page 30
1.2.1 Self-assembled polymer micelles......Page 31
1.2.2 CCL micelles......Page 38
1.2.3 SCL micelles......Page 41
1.3.1 Nanoparticles and nanohydrogels......Page 42
1.3.2 Core-shell nanoparticles......Page 49
1.3.4 Nanocapsules......Page 50
1.4 Polymer nanoprodrugs......Page 52
1.5 Perspectives......Page 56
References......Page 58
2.1 Introduction......Page 64
2.2 Synthesis and magnetic properties of MNPs......Page 67
2.2.2 Hydrothermal synthesis......Page 68
2.2.3 Solvothermal synthesis......Page 69
2.2.4 Microemulsion......Page 71
2.2.6 Polyol process......Page 72
2.3.1 MNPs in MRI......Page 75
2.3.2 MNPs in drug delivery......Page 77
2.4 Liposomes......Page 82
2.4.1 Magnetic-SL (magneto-liposomes)......Page 83
2.4.2 pH-sensitive magneto-liposomes......Page 87
2.4.5 Magneto-liposomes prepared by traditional film method......Page 89
2.4.7 Combine polymorphic lipids......Page 90
2.4.8 Contain cage lipid derivatives......Page 91
2.4.9 Composed of synthetic fusogenic peptides/proteins......Page 92
2.4.10 Constructed with pH-sensitive polymers......Page 93
2.4.12 pH-sensitive magneto-liposomes as drug delivery systems......Page 97
2.4.13 pH-sensitive magneto-liposomes in MRI......Page 99
2.5 Conclusion......Page 100
References......Page 102
Further Reading......Page 112
3.1 Introduction......Page 114
3.1.2 pH as a stimulus......Page 115
3.2.1 Temperature-responsive polymers......Page 116
3.2.2 pH-responsive polymers......Page 117
3.3 Design of temperature and pH dual-stimuli responsive polymeric nanocarriers......Page 119
3.3.1 Types of dual-responsive nanocarrier systems......Page 120
3.3.2.1 Triggered drug release......Page 121
3.3.2.2 Triggered change in nanocarrier size......Page 122
3.3.3.2 Temperature-dependent pH responsiveness......Page 128
3.4 Important considerations and challenges......Page 129
3.4.2 In vitro testing conditions and in vivo performance......Page 130
3.4.3 System’s complexity vs cost-effectiveness......Page 131
References......Page 132
4.1 Introduction......Page 138
4.2.1 Combination between heat and magnetism in knowledge frontier......Page 139
4.2.2 Combination of thermal and magnetic properties......Page 143
4.3 Preclinical investigations......Page 149
4.4 Future trends......Page 152
References......Page 153
Further Reading......Page 156
Part Two: Multi-Stimuli Responsive Polymers......Page 158
5.1 Introduction......Page 160
5.2.1.1 Copolymer micelles......Page 161
5.2.1.2 Copolymer microspheres or microgels......Page 164
5.2.2 Polymer-based composites and hybrids......Page 167
5.2.3 Supramolecular system......Page 171
5.3 Quadruple-stimuli responsive polymeric carriers......Page 173
5.5 Conclusion and prospects......Page 176
References......Page 177
6.1 Introduction......Page 182
6.2.1 Stimuli-responsive polymers......Page 183
6.2.2 Multistimuli-responsive polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery......Page 184
6.3.1 Magnetic nanoparticles in drug delivery......Page 190
6.3.2 MNPs in theranostic application......Page 194
6.4 Multistimuli-responsive magnetic assemblies......Page 196
6.5 Multistimuli-responsive magnetoliposomes......Page 200
6.5.1 Multiresponsive magnetoliposomes for drug delivery......Page 202
6.5.2 Multiresponsive magnetoliposomes in vivo applications......Page 204
6.6 Glucose-responsive MNPs......Page 206
6.6.1 Glucose and magnetic responsive for hyperglycemia theranostic......Page 207
6.6.2.1 Basic properties of β-CD......Page 208
6.6.2.2 β-CD multiresponsive of MNPs......Page 210
6.7 Conclusion......Page 211
References......Page 212
Further reading......Page 220
Part Three: Stimuli Responsive Polymers for Theranostic Applications......Page 222
7.1 Introduction......Page 224
7.2 Molecular imaging modalities......Page 225
7.3 Image-guided drug delivery......Page 226
7.4 Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers......Page 227
7.4.1.1 pH-responsive system......Page 228
7.4.1.2 Redox-responsive system......Page 230
7.4.3.1 Light-triggered system......Page 232
Photodynamic triggered system......Page 234
7.4.3.2 Magnetic field-triggered system......Page 237
7.4.3.3 US-triggered system......Page 238
7.4.3.4 Other stimuli-triggered system......Page 239
References......Page 241
8.1 Introduction......Page 246
8.2.1 Gold nanoparticles-polymer complexes......Page 247
8.2.3 Carbon nanomaterial-polymer complexes......Page 250
8.2.4 PS-polymer complexes......Page 251
8.2.6 Photocage strategy......Page 252
8.3 pH-responsive polymers......Page 253
8.3.1 pH-induced charge-reversal and/or conformational changes......Page 254
8.3.2 Introduction of pH-labile linkages......Page 255
8.4 MF-responsive polymers......Page 256
8.4.1 Natural polymers......Page 257
8.4.2 Synthetic polymers......Page 259
8.5 US-responsive polymers......Page 260
8.6 Enzyme-responsive polymers......Page 262
References......Page 265
Further reading......Page 272
Part Four: Stimuli Responsive Drug Delivery Systems......Page 274
9: Dual and multistimuli-responsive block copolymers for drug delivery applications......Page 276
9.1 Introduction......Page 277
9.3 Dual/multistimuli-responsive drug release systems......Page 278
9.4 Conclusions......Page 291
References......Page 292
10.1 Introduction......Page 296
10.2 Polymeric micelles......Page 297
10.3.1 Passive and active targeting strategies......Page 301
10.3.3 Oligonucleotide delivery......Page 304
10.4 Stimuli-responsive polymeric micelles......Page 305
10.4.1 pH-sensitive polymeric micelles......Page 306
10.4.2 Thermosensitive polymeric micelles......Page 310
10.4.3 Enzyme-sensitive polymeric micelles......Page 315
10.4.4 Hypoxia-sensitive polymeric micelles......Page 318
10.4.5 Redox-sensitive polymeric micelles......Page 321
10.5 Concluding remarks......Page 324
References......Page 326
Further reading......Page 331
11.2 Design of stimuli-sensitive liposomes......Page 332
11.3.2 pEOEOVE-based temperature-sensitive liposome......Page 333
11.3.3 Multifunctional liposomes......Page 334
11.4.1 Poly(carboxylic acid)s as pH-sensitive polymers......Page 336
11.4.3 Application of pH-sensitive liposomes to cancer immunotherapy......Page 337
11.4.4 Inclusion of adjuvant functions......Page 339
11.4.6 pH-sensitive curdlan......Page 340
11.5.2 Methacrylic acid-based dual stimuli-sensitive polymers and their application to transdermal DDS......Page 341
11.6 Concluding remarks......Page 342
References......Page 344
Further reading......Page 346
12.1 Introduction......Page 348
12.2.2 Multiwalled carbon nanotubes......Page 350
12.3.1 Chemical and biochemical stimuli......Page 352
12.4.2 Electric arc discharge......Page 353
12.5.1 Noncovalent functionalization......Page 354
12.7 External regulation of drug delivery......Page 355
12.7.3 Electro-responsive polymers......Page 356
12.8.1 Targeted delivery with CNTs......Page 357
12.8.12.3 Brain targeting......Page 358
12.8.2 CNTs in controlled drug delivery......Page 359
12.8.5 CNTs as quantum dots for therapeutic purpose......Page 361
12.8.7 CNTs in gene delivery......Page 362
12.11 Regulatory considerations......Page 363
References......Page 364
13.1 Introduction......Page 372
13.2.1 pH-responsive polymersomes......Page 376
13.2.2 Redox-responsive polymersomes......Page 383
13.2.3 Enzyme-responsive polymersomes......Page 388
13.2.4 Glucose-responsive polymersomes......Page 391
13.2.5 Gas-responsive polymersomes......Page 393
13.2.6 Temperature-responsive polymersomes......Page 396
13.2.7 Photo-responsive polymersomes......Page 400
13.2.8 Magnetic field-responsive polymersomes......Page 405
13.2.9 Ultrasound-responsive polymersomes......Page 408
13.2.10 Electric field-responsive polymersomes......Page 409
13.3 Remarks and future perspectives......Page 410
References......Page 411
14.1 Introduction......Page 420
14.2 Stimuli-responsive polymers......Page 421
14.3 Ionic-strength-responsive polymers......Page 422
14.3.1 Polyelectrolytes-based delivery systems......Page 423
14.3.2 In situ gel-forming polymers......Page 431
References......Page 433
Part Five: Stimuli Responsive Polymers for Cancer Therapy......Page 438
15.1 Introduction......Page 440
15.1.1 Stimuli-responsive polymersomes......Page 441
15.1.2 Bioreducible polymersomes......Page 442
15.2 pH-responsive polymersomes......Page 447
15.3 Enzyme-responsive polymersomes......Page 452
15.5.1 Photo-responsive polymersomes......Page 453
15.5.2 Voltage-responsive polymersomes......Page 456
15.6 Conclusion and future perspectives......Page 458
References......Page 459
16: Responsive polymeric micelles for drug delivery applications/cancer therapy......Page 466
16.1 Introduction......Page 470
16.2.1 pH-responsive micelles/in vivo trials......Page 471
16.2.2 pH-responsive micelles/in vitro trials......Page 473
16.3 Temperature-responsive micelles......Page 476
16.4 Redox-responsive micelles......Page 478
16.5 Magnetic-responsive micelles......Page 481
16.6 Multiresponsive micelles......Page 482
16.7 Micelles bearing a surface ligand......Page 484
References......Page 485
Part Six: Stimuli Responsive Polymers for Therapeutic Applications......Page 488
17: Stimuli-responsive polymers for ocular therapy......Page 490
17.1 Introduction......Page 491
17.2 Thermosensitive polymers......Page 493
17.2.17.3 Applications of poloxamers in stimuli-responsive ODD......Page 494
17.2.17.2 Applications of cellulose derivatives in stimuli-responsive ODD......Page 496
17.3 Ion-sensitive polymers......Page 497
17.3.17.3 Applications of Gelrite in stimuli-responsive ODD......Page 498
17.3.17.2 Applications of sodium alginate in stimuli-responsive ODD......Page 499
17.4 pH-responsive polymers......Page 501
17.4.17.3 Applications of Carbomer in stimuli-responsive ODD......Page 502
17.4.17.1 Mechanism of gelation......Page 504
17.4.17.2 Applications of chitosan in stimuli-responsive ODD......Page 505
17.5 Combination of polymers having different gelation mechanisms......Page 506
17.6 Patents on stimuli-responsive polymer for ocular delivery......Page 507
References......Page 509
Further reading......Page 516
18.1 Introduction......Page 518
18.2 Commercially available drug delivery systems for insulin: Failure......Page 520
18.3 Stimuli-responsive polymers: The hope......Page 521
18.3.1 Glucose-responsive polymers......Page 523
18.3.2 pH-responsive polymers......Page 534
18.3.3 Temperature-responsive polymers......Page 538
18.3.4 Redox- and electrochemical-responsive polymers......Page 539
18.3.5 Dual-responsive polymers......Page 541
18.5 Conclusion and future scope......Page 543
References......Page 545
19.1 Introduction......Page 552
19.2 Stimuli-responsive polymers......Page 555
19.3 Types/classification......Page 556
19.4 pH-sensitive polymers in oral insulin delivery......Page 557
19.5 Other stimuli-responsive polymers in insulin delivery......Page 566
References......Page 567
Further reading......Page 573
20.1 Introduction......Page 574
20.3 Microflora-based colon targeting system......Page 579
20.4 pH-sensitive colon-targeted delivery......Page 585
References......Page 589
Part Seven: Future Trends and Challenges......Page 594
21: Recent progress in responsive polymer-based drug delivery systems......Page 596
21.1 Introduction......Page 597
21.2.1 Temperature-responsive polymer-based systems......Page 598
21.2.2 pH-responsive polymer-based systems......Page 601
21.2.3 Red-Ox-responsive polymer-based systems......Page 604
21.2.4 Enzyme-responsive polymer-based systems......Page 606
21.2.5 Magneto-responsive polymer-based systems......Page 607
21.2.7 Light-responsive polymer-based systems......Page 608
21.2.8 Ultrasound-responsive polymer-based systems......Page 610
21.3 Challenges and future prospects......Page 611
References......Page 614
Further reading......Page 622
Index......Page 624
Back Cover......Page 640