Serum CXCL1 concentrations are elevated in type 1 diabetes mellitus, possibly reflecting activity of anti-islet autoimmune activity
✍ Scribed by Kazuma Takahashi; Mio Ohara; Takayoshi Sasai; Hiroyuki Homma; Kan Nagasawa; Toru Takahashi; Mitsuhiro Yamashina; Mototsugu Ishii; Fumikado Fujiwara; Takashi Kajiwara; Haruhito Taneichi; Noriko Takebe; Jo Satoh
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 2011
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 102 KB
- Volume
- 27
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 1520-7552
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
✦ Synopsis
Abstract
Background
Identification of unique inflammatory markers may facilitate prediction of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We previously compared transcript profiles of bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells from non‐obese diabetic mice with those from non‐obese non‐diabetic mice and found that bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells' expressions of inflammatory mediators, including chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), were three to five times higher in 4‐week‐old female non‐obese diabetic mice than in non‐obese non‐diabetic mice. In humans, microarray analysis results have suggested this chemokine be a biomarker representing active anti‐islet autoimmunity. We investigated whether serum CXCL1 levels, reflecting active autoimmune processes, might serve as biomarkers for T1DM.
Methods
The study groups consisted of 26 subjects with acute‐onset T1DM, 20 with slowly progressive T1DM, and 20 with type 2 diabetes mellitus as disease controls. All subjects were Japanese. CXCL1 in sera were quantified by solid phase enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.
Results
Serum CXCL1 levels were significantly higher in subjects with acute‐onset [median 113.2 ng/mL (41.75–457.2)] or slowly progressive [median 100.8 ng/mL (32.87–225.0)] T1DM than in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus [median 71.58 ng/mL (32.45–152.6), p = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively, Mann‐Whitney U‐test]. Decreases in fasting C‐peptide levels per year correlated significantly with CXCL1 levels (n = 11, r^2^ = 0.524, p = 0.012) in a subpopulation of slowly progressive T1DM subjects displaying preserved beta‐cell function.
Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first study to show elevated serum CXCL1 in T1DM subjects, regardless of diabetes subtype, as compared to control type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects. We propose serum CXCL1 elevation to be a good T1DM marker, possibly indicating a predisposition to autoimmune disease development. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.