Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is an attractive technique for sequencing membrane proteins because it can be applied to peptides in mixtures that are difficult to separate chromatographically. To evaluate the suitability of MS/MS sequencing for membrane proteins and to develop protocols for the preparation of the cleaved peptides, we employed the well characterized apoproteins of bacteriorhodopsin and bovine rhodopsin, i.e. bacterioopsin and opsin, respectively. Without separation, nine out of ten peptides resulting from cyanogen bromide cleavage of bacterioopsin were detected by fast atom bombardment MS, the single undetected fragment being a tetrapeptide that was presumably hidden in the lowβm/z matrix background. Furthermore, MS/MS was used to confirm the sequence of all the peptides detected with m/z values below 3.5 kDa (40% of the protein). Bovine opsin was analyzed in a similar fashion. Tandem MS/MS has thus allowed the sequencing of substantial portions of two integral membrane proteins by the analysis of unseparated peptide mixtures, demonstrating for the first time that this technique can obviate some of the most serious difficulties associated with sequencing membrane proteins, namely the difficultβtoβachieve separation of the βstickyβ peptide fragments.