Sensorimotor Control of Movement and Posture

✍ Scribed by Uwe Proske, John E. Gregory (auth.), Simon C. Gandevia, Uwe Proske, Douglas G. Stuart (eds.)

• Publisher: Springer US
• Year: 2002
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 503
• Series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 508
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This collection of contributions on the subject of the neural mechanisms of sensorimotor control resulted from a conference held in Cairns, Australia, September 3-6, 2001. While the three of us were attending the International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS) Congress in St Petersburg, Russia, in 1997, we discussed the implications of the next Congress being awarded to New Zealand. We agreed to organise a satellite to this congress in an area of mutual interest -the neuroscience of movement and sensation. Australia has a long-standing and enviable reputation in the field of neural mechanisms of sensorimotor control. Arguably this reached its peak with the award of a Nobel Prize to Sir John Eccles in 1963 for his work on synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Since that time, the subject of neuroscience has progressed considerably. One advance is the exploitation of knowledge acquired from animal experiments to studies on conscious human subjects. In this development, Australians have achieved international prominence, particularly in the areas of kinaesthesia and movement control. This bias is evident in the choice of subject matter for the conference and, subsequently, this book. It was also decided to assign a whole section to muscle mechanics, a subject that is often left out altogether from conferences on motor control. Cairns is a lovely city and September is a good time to visit it.

✦ Table of Contents

Front Matter....Pages i-xxiii
Front Matter....Pages 1-3
Signalling Properties of Muscle Spindles and Tendon Organs....Pages 5-12
Evidence for Activity-Dependent Modulation of Sensory-Terminal Excitability in Spindles by Glutamate Release From Synaptic-Like Vesicles....Pages 13-18
Electrophysiology of Corneal Cold Receptor Nerve Terminals....Pages 19-23
Discharge Properties of Group III and IV Muscle Afferents....Pages 25-32
Effects of Activity on Axonal Excitability: Implications for Motor Control Studies....Pages 33-37
Reflexes in the Hand: Strong Synaptic Coupling Between Single Tactile Afferents and Spinal Motoneurones....Pages 39-45
The Synaptic Linkage for Tactile and Kinaesthetic Inputs to the Dorsal Column Nuclei....Pages 47-55
Front Matter....Pages 57-59
Proprioception: Peripheral Inputs and Perceptual Interactions....Pages 61-68
Adaptation to Coriolis Force Perturbation of Movement Trajectory....Pages 69-78
Velocity Perception and Proprioception....Pages 79-86
The Effect of Muscle Contraction on Kinaesthesia....Pages 87-94
Proprioception and Joint Pathology....Pages 95-101
Front Matter....Pages 103-104
Consequences and Assessment of Human Vestibular Failure....Pages 105-110
The Role of Cutaneous Receptors in the Foot....Pages 111-117
What Does Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Stimulate?....Pages 119-128
Sensory Interactions for Human Balance Control Revealed by Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation....Pages 129-137
Vestibulospinal Control of Posture....Pages 139-145
Sensory Contributions to the Control of Stance....Pages 147-152
Front Matter....Pages 153-155
Selectivity of the Central Control of Sensory Information in the Mammalian Spinal Cord....Pages 157-170
Some Unresolved Issues in Motor Unit Research....Pages 171-178
Front Matter....Pages 153-155
Presynaptic and Disynaptic Inhibition Induced by Group I Muscle Afferents....Pages 179-185
Things We Know and Do Not Know About Motoneurones....Pages 187-192
A New Way of Using Modelling to Estimate the Size of a Motoneurone’s EPSP....Pages 193-197
What Can Be Learned About Motoneurone Properties from Studying Firing Patterns?....Pages 199-205
Relative Strengths and Distributions of Different Sources of Synaptic Input to the Motoneurone Pool....Pages 207-212
Plateau Potentials and Their Role in Regulating Motoneuronal Firing....Pages 213-218
Mechanisms Causing Plateau Potentials in Spinal Motoneurones....Pages 219-226
Recent Evidence for Plateau Potentials in Human Motoneurones....Pages 227-235
Patterns of Pathological Firing in Human Motor Units....Pages 237-244
Front Matter....Pages 245-247
Reflections on Spinal Reflexes....Pages 249-257
Spinal Interneurones....Pages 259-263
Functional Properties of Primate Spinal Interneurones During Voluntary Hand Movements....Pages 265-271
A Cervical Propriospinal System in Man....Pages 273-279
Premotoneuronal and Direct Corticomotoneuronal Control in the Cat and Macaque Monkey....Pages 281-297
Interspecies Comparisons for the C3-C4 Propriospinal System: Unresolved Issues....Pages 299-308
Central Nervous System Lesions and Segmental Activity....Pages 309-313
Reflex Mechanisms for Motor Impairment in Spinal Cord Injury....Pages 315-323
Front Matter....Pages 325-326
Give Proprioceptors a Chance....Pages 327-334
Role of the Fusimotor System in Locomotion....Pages 335-342
The Role of Proprioceptive Feedback in the Regulation and Adaptation of Locomotor Activity....Pages 343-355
Front Matter....Pages 325-326
Sensory Control of Locomotion: Reflexes Versus Higher-Level Control....Pages 357-367
Reflex Excitation of Muscles During Human Walking....Pages 369-375
H Reflexes Recorded During Locomotion....Pages 377-383
Front Matter....Pages 385-387
fMRI Studies of the Sensory and Motor Areas Involved in Movement....Pages 389-395
Dynamic Use of Tactile Afferent Signals in Control of Dexterous Manipulation....Pages 397-410
Motor Cortex and the Distributed Anatomy of Finger Movements....Pages 411-416
Reward-Based Planning of Motor Selection in the Rostral Cingulate Motor Area....Pages 417-423
Functional Differences in Corticospinal Projections from Macaque Primary Motor Cortex and Supplementary Motor Area....Pages 425-434
Corticospinal Transmission After Voluntary Contractions....Pages 435-441
Afferent and Cortical Control of Human Masticatory Muscles....Pages 443-449
Mechanisms for Acute Changes in Sensory Maps....Pages 451-460
Vision as Motivation: Interhemispheric Oscillation Alters Perception....Pages 461-469
Front Matter....Pages 471-472
Musculoskeletal Mechanics: A Foundation of Motor Physiology....Pages 473-479
The Importance of Biomechanics....Pages 481-487
The Role of the Length-Tension Curve in the Control of Movement....Pages 489-494
Intramuscular Force Transmission....Pages 495-499
Muscle and Tendon Relations in Humans....Pages 501-505
Relationship Between Neural Drive and Mechanical Effect in the Respiratory System....Pages 507-514
Back Matter....Pages 515-518

✦ Subjects

Neurosciences; Internal Medicine