Self-Assembled Silica Photonic Crystal as a Liquid-Crystal Alignment Layer and its Electro-optic Applications in Fabry–Perot Cavity Structures
✍ Scribed by N. Y. Ha; Y. K. Woo; B. Park; H. Takezoe; J. W. Wu
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 2004
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 377 KB
- Volume
- 16
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0935-9648
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✦ Synopsis
eration of SCNPs instead of carbon soot by the flame. It should be added that the production rate of the particles can be easily increased, either by increasing the acetylene flow rate or by using a burner array. We demonstrate good cold-FE performance for the synthesized SCNPs, making our finding attractive for applications.
Experimental
The multi-nozzle-type burner has one central nozzle (diameter 2 mm) and three annular nozzles (first annular nozzle: ID (inner diameter) = 4 mm, OD (outer diameter) = 6.8 mm, second annular nozzle: ID = 10.5 mm, OD = 13.4 mm, and third annular nozzle: ID = 15.8 mm, OD = 19.3 mm). 0.1 L min ± 1 pure acetylene was injected through the central nozzle and nitrogen shield gas was injected at 0.35 L min ± 1 through the first annular nozzle. To generate an oxyhydrogen flame, 1 L min ± 1 hydrogen and 0.5 L min ± 1 oxygen were injected through the second and third annular nozzles, respectively. The flame was irradiated by a CO 2 laser (Bystronic, BTL 2800) beam with a beam diameter of 3 mm to cover the whole acetylene flow. The laser power could be varied up to the nominal laser limit of 2800 W. Two different irradiation heights were investigated: 9 mm and 15 mm above the burner surface. The height of 15 mm is the region where carbon soot exists in the laser beam path, while the height of 9 mm is the transparent region where no particulates are found when the laser power is off. The flame luminosity at the irradiated position was measured with a spectrometer (Acton Research Co., Spectra Pro 300i).
Images were taken using a 300kV JEOL JEM-3000F high-resolution transmission electron microscope. Other characterizations were performed by X-ray diffraction (M18XHF-SRA, Mac Science Co., with h/2h Cu Ka radiation), Raman scattering (Jobin±Yvon T64000 spectrometer, using an Ar ion laser with an emission wavelength of 514.5 nm and a laser power of 1 mW for excitation), and magnetic susceptibility (Quantum Design, SQUID magnetometer MPMS 7).