Security Studies: An Introduction

✍ Scribed by Paul D. Williams (editor)

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 2012
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 657
• Edition: 2
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Security Studies is the most comprehensive textbook available on security studies.

Comprehensively revised for the new edition including new chapters on Polarity, Culture, Intelligence, and the Academic and Policy Worlds, it continues to give students a detailed overview of the major theoretical approaches, key themes and most significant issues within security studies.

• Part 1 explores the main theoretical approaches currently used within the field from realism to international political sociology.
• Part 2 explains the central concepts underpinning contemporary debates from the security dilemma to terrorism.
• Part 3 presents an overview of the institutional security architecture currently influencing world politics using international, regional and global levels of analysis.
• Part 4 examines some of the key contemporary challenges to global security from the arms trade to energy security.
• Part 5 discusses the future of security.

Security Studies provides a valuable teaching tool for undergraduates and MA students by collecting these related strands of the field together into a single coherent textbook.

Contributors:Richard J. Aldrich, Deborah D. Avant, Sita Bali, Michael N. Barnett, Alex J. Bellamy, Didier Bigo, Pinar Bilgin, Ken Booth, Barry Buzan, Stuart Croft, Simon Dalby, John S. Duffield, Colin Elman, Louise Fawcett, Lawrence Freedman, James M. Goldgeier, Fen Osler Hampson, William D. Hartung, Michael Jensen, Adam Jones, Danielle Zach Kalbacher, Stuart J. Kaufman, Michael T. Klare, Peter Lawler, Matt McDonald, Colin McInnes, Cornelia Navari, Michael Pugh, Paul R. Pillar, Srinath Raghavan, Paul Rogers, Waheguru Pal Singh Sidhu, Joanna Spear, Caroline Thomas, Thomas G. Weiss, Nicholas J. Wheeler, Sandra Whitworth, Paul D. Williams, Phil Williams and Frank C. Zagare.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Security Studies An Introduction
Copyright
Contents
Boxes
Figures
Tables
Contributors
Acknowledgments
List of Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Security Studies
What Is Security Studies? A Very Short Overview
Defining A Field Of Inquiry: Four Fundamentalz Questions
What Is Security?
Whose Security?
What Is A Security Issue?
How Can Security Be Achieved?
How To Use This Book
Part 1: Theoretical Approaches
Chapter 2: Realisms
Introduction
Classical Realism
Neorealism: Waltz’s Theory Of Internationalz Politics
Defensive Structural Realism
Offensive Structural Realism
Rise And Fall Realism
Neoclassical Realism
Realisms And The Rise Of China
Conclusion
Chapter 3: Liberalisms
Introduction
Traditional Or Kantian Liberalism
Douce Commerce
The Democratic Peace Thesis
Neoliberal Institutionalism
Conclusion
Chapter 4: Game Theory
Introduction
Primitive Concepts
Strategic-form Games And Nash Equilibria
Extensive-form Games, Backwards Induction Andz Subgame Perfect Equilibria
Applications of Game Theory In Security Studies
Coda
Chapter 5: Constructivisms
Introduction: Constructivism And Security
Constructivism: Central Tenets And Sharedz Assumptions
The Copenhagen School And Securitization
Conclusion
Chapter 6: Peace Studies
Introduction: What Is Peace Studies?
Peace Studies: A Brief History
Peace research as science
From peace research to peace studies
Key Concepts
Positive and negative peace
Structural violence
Cultural violence
The Future Of Peace Studies?
Chapter 7: Critical Theory
Introduction: The Need For A Critical Perspective
Rethinking Security
Critical Theory
Theory/practice
The ‘aberystwyth School’ Of Critical Securityz Studies
Emancipation
Conclusion
Chapter 8: Feminisms
Introduction
Feminist Approaches In International Security
Women, Gender And Security: The Impactsz Of Armed Conflict
Women, Gender And Security: Action And Activism
Women, Gender And Security: Talking Andz Making Weapons And War
Conclusions
Chapter 9 International Political Sociology
Introduction
Interdisciplinarity, Relations And Practices
An International Political Sociology Of Security
Episteme
Methods
Major findings
Conclusion
Part 2: Key Concepts
Chapter 10: Uncertainty
Introduction
The House Of Uncertainty
He Quintessential Dilemma
Three Logics
The Security Dilemma In The Twenty-first Century
Towards A New Agenda For Security Studies
Chapter 11: Polarity
The Debates About Polarity
Polarity during the Cold War
Polarity after the Cold War
The Problem With Polarity
The Future Of Polarity
Conclusion: The Utility Of Polarity
Chapter 12: Culture
Introduction
States Behaving Badly
Culture
Cultures In Security
Strategic culture
Peacekeeping cultures
Conclusion
Chapter13: War
Introduction
Three Philosophies Of War
The Functions Of War
Trends In Armed Conflicts Since 1945
Who Fights? Who Dies?
Is The Nature Of Warfare Changing?
The idea of total war
The ‘new wars’ debate
The contemporary Western way of war
Conclusion
Chapter 14: Coercion
Introduction
Strategy
Deterrence And Compellence
Designing Coercive Strategies
Punishment And Denial
Types Of Costs
Multiple Audiences
Reputations
Long-term Impact
Conclusion
Chapter 15: Terrorism
Introduction
Terrorism In Perspective
Definitions
State And Sub-state Terror
Responding To Terrorism
The 9/11 Response And The War On Terror
Trends In Terrorism
Conclusion
Chapter 16: Intelligence
Introduction
What is intelligence?
Warning, surprise and ‘failure’
Intelligence, uncertainty and stability
Covert action, disruption and event-shaping
Intelligence cooperation
Security and global surveillance
Conclusion
Chapter 17: Genocide Andcrimes Against Humanity
Introduction
Genocide
Challenges Of Intervention
Understanding Crimes Against Humanity
Conclusion
Chapter 18: Ethnic Conflict
Introduction
What Is Ethnic Conflict?
An Overview Of Ethnic Conflicts
Causes Of Violent Ethnic Conflict
Sudan
Yugoslavia
International Security Dimensions Of Ethnic Conflicts
Resolution Of Ethnic Civil Wars
Chapter 19: Human Security
Introduction
Understanding The Scope Of Human Security
Setting The Boundaries Of Human Security
Ongoing Debates And Unresolved Issues
Human Security And ‘failed’ States
The Dilemmas Of Humanitarian Intervention
Human Security Risk Assessment
Governance And Human Security
Towards A Theory Of Human Security
Conclusion
Chapter 20: Poverty
Introduction
Is Poverty An Appropriate Concern For Securityz Studies?
Whose Poverty? Whose Security?
What Do We Know About The Poverty–security Nexus?
What Do We Know About The Poverty–violentz Conflict Nexus?
Effect of poverty on conflict
Effect of conflict on poverty
The Diplomatic Agenda On Poverty And Security
Conclusion
Chapter 21: Climate Change And Environmental Security
Introduction: Security And Environment
Armed Conflict And Environmental Change
Climate Change And Security
Scenarios Of Doom
Security Planning And Risk Analysis
Climate Wars?
Chapter 22: Health
Introduction
The Emergence Of Health As A National Securityz Issue
The Spread Of Infectious Disease
Hiv/aids
Bioterrorism
A Not So Perfect Partnership?
Conclusion
Part 3: Institutions
Chapter 23: Alliances
Introduction: Why Study Alliances?
Definitions: What Is An Alliance?
Explanations Of Alliance Persistence And Collapse
The Case Of Nato After The Cold War
Conclusion: Alliance Theory And The Future Of Nato
Chapter 24: Regional Institutions
Introduction
Definitions
The Origins And Development Of Regional Securityz Institutions
Regional security institutions in the Cold War
Regional security institutions since the Cold War
Contemporary Challenges
Peace operations
Terrorism and WMD
Assessing The Growth Of Regional Security Institutions
Conclusion
Chapter 25: The United Nations
Introduction
The Security Council
The General Assembly
The Secretariat
Other Un Organs And Actors
Twenty-first Century Challenges
Changes in the nature of war and UN responses
Terrorism
Disarmament and nonproliferation
Conclusion
Chapter 26: Peace Operations
Introduction
Language And Meaning
Surge, Retraction, Resurgence
Reforms
Brahimi’s report
Guéhenno goals
Ban’s plans
Standards and principles
Hybrid operations
Public security gaps
Conclusion: Future Prospects
Chapter 27: The Nuclear Disarmament And Non-proliferation Regime
Introduction
Three Caveats
Non-proliferation Regime
Three Challenges
Three Approaches
Way Forward
Chapter 28: Private Security
Introduction
Private Security And The Control Of Force
A Transnational Market For Military And Securityz Services
The Current Market Compared
Why The Current Market?
Conclusion
Part 4: Contemporary Challenges
Chapter 29: The International Arms Trade
Introduction
Three Channels For Arms Transfers
Arms Sales Take Off: The 1970s And 1980s
Post-cold War Dynamics
Post-9/11 Arms Exports
The Trade In Small Arms And Light Weapons
Dangers Of Dual Use: The A.q. Khan Network
Prospects For Restraint
Conclusion
Chapter 30: Counterterrorism
Introduction
Basic Elements
Defence
Going On The Offensive
Law Enforcement And Military Force
Issues And Choices
Chapter 31: Counterinsurgency
Introduction: The Current Discourse Onz Counterinsurgency
The State Of The Field
The Problem That Counterinsurgency Respondsz To – Insurgency
Hearts And Minds’
The Role Of Military Force In Counterinsurgency
Learning On The Ground
Counterinsurgency In The Media Age
Similarities To Post-conflict Peacebuilding
Conclusion
Chapter 32: The Responsibility To Protect
Introduction
Sovereignty And Responsibility
R2p And International Politics
R2p In Action
Kenya
Libya
Conclusion
Chapter 33: Transnational Organized Crime
Introduction
Organized Crime As A Security Threat
What Is Transnational Organized Crime?
Globalization, Governance And The Rise Ofz Organized Crime
Transnational Criminal Organizations
Illicit Markets
Responses To Transnational Crime
Chapter 34: Population Movements
Introduction
Population Movements As A Security Issue
Population Movements Categorized
Population Movements And Violent Conflict
Population Movements And Foreign Policy
Population Movement And Internal Security
Conclusion
Chapter 35: Energy Security
Introduction
Understanding Energy Security
Why Now?
Intimations Of Global Petroleum Insufficiency
A Shift In The Centre Of Gravity Of World Oil Production
Oil Facilities As A Target Of Attack
Addressing Energy (in)security
Part 5: Conclusions
Chapter : 36 The Academic And Policy Worlds
Introduction
What Is Policy-relevant Knowledge?
Cold War Nuclear Experts
Realism And Liberalism After The Cold War
Conclusion
Chapter 37: What Future For Security Studies?
Introduction: Context And Scope
Locating Security Studies
Future Directions In The Sub-field
Future Directions In The Sub-discipline
Security Studies, Porous Boundaries And Thez Struggle For Coherence
References
Index