## Abstract The association of lung cancer incidence with bidi smoking was examined using a cohort study data in Karunagappally, Kerala, India. We sought interview of all the residents in Karunagappally with the population of 385,103 in 1991 census, and established a cohort of 359,619 (93% of the p
Sauna, dust and migration as risk factors in lung cancer among smoking and non-smoking males in Finland
✍ Scribed by Leena Tenkanen; Timo Hakulinen; Matti Hakama; Erkki Saxén
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 1985
- Tongue
- French
- Weight
- 627 KB
- Volume
- 35
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0020-7136
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
✦ Synopsis
Abstract
To study possible causes of the high lung cancer incidence among Finnish males, the Finnish Cancer Registry and the Cancer Registry of Norway in 1962 performed a population survey covering smoking habits, occupational and residential history and, in Finland, sauna habits. The cohort of 4,475 Finnish men has now been followed up for incidence of lung cancer in 1964–1979. The relative importance of 3 factors–sauna baths, occupational exposure to dust, and migration to urban areas–was studied in different smoking categories. Among smokers of ≥ 25 g/day, takers of frequent saunas (more than once a week) displayed some excess risk (RR 1. 7). In smokers an increased risk was also found among those exposed to dust (RR 1.3), and those who had migrated to urban areas (RR 1.8, when compared to native urban population). Dust exposure and migration factors act synergistically with smoking. Migration was the only factor apart from smoking to show a substantial population‐attributable risk, which amounted to 10%.
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