Satellite Communications Payload and System (Wiley - IEEE)

✍ Scribed by Teresa M. Braun, Walter R. Braun

• Publisher: Wiley-IEEE Press
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 716
• Edition: 2
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS PAYLOAD AND SYSTEM

A valuable reference on communications satellite systems

This book presents the state of the art in commercial communications satellite systems, thoroughly and in detail not to be found in any other book. These systems provide the television and some of the telephone and Internet services in use every day. The book focuses on the satellite payload, which consists of antennas, receivers, and transmitters. The book discusses the what, the how, and the why of various choices that have been made in currently operating systems.

The book is organized into three parts:

1. In-depth description of various payload units, not requiring specialist knowledge. For each unit and the payload as a whole, the architectures, the theory of operation, analysis, performance, and specifications are presented.
2. End-to-end system context in which the payload operates. Digital communications theory and satellite communications protocols are introduced. The time-varying properties of satellite-to-ground links are explored. Tips on system simulation are given.
3. Current commercial end-to-end satellite communications systems, in their grand variety. Emphasis is placed on the satellite payload and its interactions with the satellite bus, ground stations, and user terminals.

The second edition adds the third part of the book. Payload unit descriptions have been updated and enlarged. The communications theory chapter has been upgraded and the protocols chapter added to briefly describe all the elements mentioned in part 3. Non-geostationary satellite considerations have been included throughout the book.

If you are a payload systems engineer, this book can serve as a valuable tool for expanding your knowledge base. If you’re a graduate student, it will guide your introductory learning. As an industry professional, you can make this book a go-to reference.

✦ Table of Contents

COVER
TITLE PAGE
COPYRIGHT PAGE
CONTENTS
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 End-to-End Satellite Communications System
1.2 What the Book is About
1.3 Channel and Channel Sharing
1.4 Payload
1.5 Ground Transmitter and Ground Receiver
1.6 System Example
1.7 Conventions
1.8 Book Sources
1.9 Summary of Rest of Book
References
PART I PAYLOAD
CHAPTER 2 PAYLOADfS ON-ORBIT ENVIRONMENT
2.1 What Determines Environment
2.2 On-Orbit Environment and Mitigation by Spacecraft Bus
2.3 General Effects of Mitigated Environment on Payload
References
CHAPTER 3 ANTENNA BASICS AND SINGLE-BEAM ANTENNA
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Examples of Single-Beam Antenna
3.3 General Antenna Concepts
3.4 Reflector-Antenna Basics
3.5 Steerable Single-Beam Antennas
3.6 Reflector Technology for Single-Beam Antennas
3.7 Horn for Single-Beam Antennas
3.8 Other Antenna Components
3.9 Antenna Pointing Error
3.10 Antenna Autotrack
3.11 Reflector-Antenna Inefficiencies
3.12 Testing
References
CHAPTER 4 PAYLOAD-INTEGRATION ELEMENTS
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Coaxial Cable Versus Waveguide
4.3 Coaxial Cable
4.4 Waveguide
4.5 Other Integration Elements
4.6 Redundancy Configurations
4.7 Impedance Mismatch and Scattering Parameters
References
CHAPTER 5 MICROWAVE FILTER
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Basics of Analog Filters
5.3 Basics of Specifically Microwave Filters
5.4 Technology for Bandpass Filters
5.5 Filter Units
5.6 Bandpass Filter Specification
References
CHAPTER 6 LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER AND FREQUENCY CONVERTER
6.1 Introduction
6.2 LNAs and Frequency Converters in Payload
6.3 Nonlinearity of LNA and Frequency Converter
6.4 Noise Figure
6.5 Low-Noise Amplifier
6.6 Frequency Converter
6.7 Receiver
6.A Appendix. Formula for Integrating Phase Noise Spectrum
References
CHAPTER 7 PREAMPLIFIER AND HIGH-POWER AMPLIFIER
7.1 Introduction
7.2 HPA Concepts and Terms
7.3 Traveling-Wave Tube Amplifier Versus Solid-State Power Amplifier
7.4 Traveling-Wave Tube Subsystem
7.5 Solid-State Power Amplifier
References
CHAPTER 8 PAYLOADfS ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS PARAMETERS
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Gain Variation with Frequency
8.3 Phase Variation with Frequency
8.4 Channel Bandwidth
8.5 Phase Noise
8.6 Frequency Stability
8.7 Spurious Signals from Frequency Converter
8.8 HPA Nonlinearity
8.9 Near-Carrier Spurious Signals from HPA Subsystem
8.10 Stability of Gain and Power-Out
8.11 Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power
8.12 Figure of Merit G/Ts
8.13 Saturation Flux Density
8.14 Self-Interference
8.15 Passive Intermodulation Products
8.A Appendices
References
CHAPTER 9 MORE ANALYSES FOR PAYLOAD DEVELOPMENT
9.1 Introduction
9.2 How to Deal with Noise Figure
9.3 How to Make and Maintain Payload Performance Budgets
9.4 HPA Topics
9.5 What Nonlinearity does to Modulated Signal
9.6 Simulating Payload Performance as a Function of Gaussian Random Variables
References
CHAPTER 10 PROCESSING PAYLOAD AND FLEXIBLE PAYLOAD
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Processing Operations
10.3 Non-Regenerative Processing Payloads
10.4 Regenerative Payloads
10.5 Communications Parameters of Digital Processing Payload
References
CHAPTER 11 MULTI-BEAM ANTENNA AND PHASED ARRAY
11.1 Introduction
11.2 MBA Introduction
11.3 Reflector for MBA or Contoured Beam and Configuration of Feeds
11.4 Horn and Feed Assembly for GEO
11.5 Location of Radiating Elements in Offset-Fed Reflector MBA
11.6 Single-Feed-Per-Beam MBA
11.7 Phased Array Introduction
11.8 Radiating Element of Phased Array
11.9 Beam-Forming Network
11.10 Applications of Phased Array
11.11 Beam-Hopping
11.12 Amplification of Phased Array
11.13 Phased Array Pointing Error
11.14 Mutual Coupling in Radiating-Element Cluster
11.15 Testing MBA
References
PART II END-TO-END SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
CHAPTER 12 DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS THEORY
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Signal Representation
12.3 Filtering in General
12.4 White Gaussian Noise
12.5 End-To-End Communications System
12.6 Bit Manipulation
12.7 Modulation Introduction
12.8 Memoryless Modulation
12.9 Maximum-Likelihood Estimation
12.10 Demodulation for Memoryless Modulation
12.11 Modulation with Memory
12.12 Maximum-Likelihood Sequence Estimation
12.13 Demodulation for Modulation with Memory
12.14 Bit Recovery
12.15 Inter-Symbol Interference
12.16 SNR, Es/N0, and Eb/N0
12.A Sketch of Proof that Pulse Transform and Signal Spectrum areRelated for Memoryless Modulation
References
CHAPTER 13 SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Background
13.3 Application Examples of First-Generation Standards
13.4 Second-Generation DVB Communications Standards
13.5 Satmode Communications Standard
References
CHAPTER 14 COMMUNICATIONS LINK
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Primary Information Sources
14.3 Link Availability
14.4 Signal Power on Link
14.5 Noise Level on Link
14.6 Interference on Link
14.7 End-To-End C/(N0 + I0)
14.8 Link Budget
14.9 Implementation Loss Item in Link Budget
References
CHAPTER 15 PROBABILISTIC TREATMENT OF DOWNLINK MARGIN FOR MULTI-BEAM PAYLOAD
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Multi-Beam-Downlink Payload Specifications
15.3 Analysis Method
15.4 Analysis Assumptions
15.5 Repeater-Caused Variation of C and C/Iself and Nominal Value
15.6 Combining Antenna-Caused Variation and Nominal Value into Repeater-Caused Variation
15.7 Combining Atmosphere-Caused Variation into Payload-Caused Variation
15.8 Optimizing Multi-Beam-Downlink Payload Specified on Link Availability
15.9 Appendix. Iteration Details for Optimizing Multi-Beam Payload Specified on Link Availability
CHAPTER 16 MODEL OF END-TO-END COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Considerations for Both Software Simulation and Hardware Emulation
16.3 Additional Considerations for Simulation
16.4 Additional Considerations for Emulation
References
PART III SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS
CHAPTER 17 FIXED AND BROADCAST SATELLITE SERVICES
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Satellite Television
17.3 Regulations in General
17.4 Fixed Satellite Service
17.5 Broadcast Satellite Service
References
CHAPTER 18 HIGH-THROUGHPUT SATELLITES
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Frequency and Bandwidth
18.3 Residential Internet HTS
18.4 VSAT Services HTS
References
CHAPTER 19 NON-GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE SYSTEMS
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Iridium
19.3 Globalstar
19.4 O3B
19.5 OneWeb
19.6 Starlink
19.7 Telesat LEO
References
CHAPTER 20 MOBILE SATELLITE SYSTEMS IN GEO
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Thuraya
20.3 Inmarsat-4 and Alphasat
20.4 Terrestar/Echostar XXI
20.5 Skyterra
20.6 Inmarsat-5 (Global Xpress) F1-F4
References
APPENDICES
INDEX
EULA