Satellite Communications

✍ Scribed by Timothy Pratt; Jeremy E Allnutt

• Publisher: Wiley
• Year: 2019
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 774
• Edition: 3
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Extensive revision of the best-selling text on satellite communications -- includes new chapters on cubesats, NGSO satellite systems, and Internet access by satellite

There have been many changes in the thirty three years since the first edition of Satellite Communications was published. There has been a complete transition from analog to digital communication systems, withanalog techniques replaced by digital modulation and digital signal processing. While distribution of television programming remains the largest sector of commercial satellite communications, low earth orbit constellations of satellites for Internet access are set to challenge that dominance.

In the third edition, chapters one through three cover topics that are specific to satellites, including orbits, launchers, and spacecraft. Chapters four through seven cover the principles of digital communication systems, radio frequency communications, digital modulation and multiple access techniques, and propagation in the earth's atmosphere, topics that are common to all radio communication systems. Chapters eight through twelve cover applications that include non-geostationary satellite systems, low throughput systems, direct broadcast satellite television, Internet access by satellite, and global navigation satellite systems. The chapter on Internet access by satellite is new to the third edition, and each of the chapters has been extensively revised to include the many changes in the field since the publication of the second edition in 2003. Two appendices have been added that cover digital transmission of analog signals, and antennas.

An invaluable resource for students and professionals alike, this book:

Focuses on the fundamental theory of satellite communications Explains the underlying principles and essential mathematics required to understand the physics and engineering of satellite communications Discusses the expansion of satellite communication systems in areas such as direct-broadcast satellite TV, GPS, and internet access Introduces the rapidly advancing field of small satellites, referred to as SmallSats or CubeSats Provides relevant practice problems based on real-world satellite systems Satellite Communications is required reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students in satellite communications courses and an authoritative reference for engineers working in communications, systems and networks, and satellite operations and management.

✦ Table of Contents

Contents
Preface
About the Authors
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 A Brief History of Satellite Communications
1.3 Satellite Communications in 2018
1.4 Overview of Satellite Communications
1.5 Summary
1.6 Organization of This Book
References
2 Orbital Mechanics and Launchers
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Achieving a Stable Orbit
2.3 Kepler’s Three Laws of Planetary Motion
2.4 Describing the Orbit of a Satellite
2.5 Locating the Satellite in the Orbit
2.6 Locating the SatelliteWith Respect to the Earth
2.7 Orbital Elements
2.8 Look Angle Determination
2.9 Orbital Perturbations
2.10 Orbit Determination
2.11 Space Launch Vehicles and Rockets
2.12 Placing Satellites Into Geostationary Orbit
2.13 Orbital Effects in Communications Systems Performance
2.14 Manned Space Vehicles
2.15 Summary
Exercises
References
3 Satellites
3.1 Satellite Subsystems
3.2 Attitude and Orbit Control System (AOCS)
3.3 Telemetry, Tracking, Command, and Monitoring (TTC&M)
3.4 Power Systems
3.5 Communications Subsystems
3.6 Satellite Antennas
3.7 Equipment Reliability and Space Qualification
3.8 Summary
Exercises
References
4 Satellite Link Design
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Transmission Theory
4.3 SystemNoise Temperature and G/T Ratio
4.4 Design of Downlinks
4.5 Ku-Band GEO Satellite Systems
4.6 Uplink Design
4.7 Design for Specified CNR: Combining CNR and C/I Values in Satellite Links
4.8 SystemDesign for Specific Performance
4.9 Summary
Exercises
References
5 Digital Transmission and Error Control
5.1 Digital Transmission
5.2 Implementing Zero ISI Transmission in the Time Domain
5.3 Probability of Error in Digital Transmission
5.4 Digital Transmission of Analog Signals
5.5 Time Division Multiplexing
5.6 Packets, Frames, and Protocols
5.7 Error Control
5.8 Summary
Exercises
References
6 Modulation and Multiple Access
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Digital Modulation
6.3 Multiple Access
6.4 Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
6.5 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
6.6 Synchronization in TDMA Networks
6.7 Transmitter Power in TDMA Networks
6.8 Star and Mesh Networks
6.9 Onboard Processing
6.10 Demand Assignment Multiple Access (DAMA)
6.11 Random Access (RA)
6.12 Packet Radio Systems and Protocols
6.13 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
6.14 Summary
Exercises
References
7 Propagation Effects and Their Impact on Satellite-Earth Links
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Propagation Phenomena
7.3 Quantifying Attenuation and Depolarization
7.4 Propagation Effects That Are Not Associated With Hydrometeors
7.5 Rain and Ice Effects
7.6 Prediction of Rain Attenuation
7.7 Prediction of XPD
7.8 Propagation Impairment Countermeasures
7.9 Summary
Exercises
References
8 Low Throughput Systems and Small Satellites
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Small Satellites
8.3 Operational Use of SmallSats
8.4 Low Throughput Mobile Communications Satellite Systems
8.5 VSAT Systems
8.6 Signal Formats
8.7 SystemAspects
8.8 Time Over Coverage
8.9 Orbital Debris
8.10 Summary
Exercises
References
9 NGSO Satellite Systems
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Orbit Considerations
9.3 Coverage and Frequency Considerations
9.4 System Considerations
9.5 Operational and Proposed NGSO Constellation Designs
9.6 SystemDesign Example
9.7 Summary
Exercises
References
10 Direct Broadcast Satellite Television and Radio
10.1 C-Band and Ku-Band Home Satellite TV
10.2 Digital DBS-TV
10.3 DVB-S and DVB-S2 Standards
10.4 DBS-TV SystemDesign
10.5 DBS-TV Link Budget for DVB-S and DVB-S2 Receivers
10.6 Second Generation DBS-TV Satellite Systems Using DVB-S2 Signal Format
10.7 Master Control Station and Uplink
10.8 Installation of DBS-TV Antennas
10.9 Satellite Radio Broadcasting
10.10 Summary
Exercises
References
11 Satellite Internet
11.1 History of Satellite Internet Access
11.2 Geostationary Satellite Internet Access
11.3 NGSO Satellite Systems
11.4 Link Budgets for NGSO Systems
11.5 Packets and Protocols for NGSO Systems
11.6 Gateways, User Terminals, and Onboard Processing Satellites
11.7 Total Capacity of OneWeb and SpaceX Proposed NGSO Constellations
11.8 End of Life Disposal of NGSO Satellites
11.9 Comparison of Spot Beam Coverage of GSO and LEO Internet Access Satellites
11.10 User Terminal Antennas for Ku-Band, Ka-Band, and V-Band
11.11 Summary
Exercises
References
12 Satellite Navigation and the Global Positioning System
12.1 The Global Positioning System
12.2 Radio and Satellite Navigation
12.3 GPS Position Location Principles
12.4 GPS Codes and Frequencies
12.5 Satellite Signal Acquisition
12.6 GPS Signal Levels
12.7 GPS Navigation Message
12.8 GPS C/A Code Standard Positioning System Accuracy
12.9 Differential GPS
12.10 Denial of Service: Jamming and Spoofing
12.11 ADS-B and Air Traffic Control
12.12 GPSModernization
12.13 Summary
Exercises
References
Glossary
Appendix A Decibels in Communications Engineering
Appendix B Antennas
B.1 Introduction
B.2 Gain and Beamwidth
B.3 Polarization
B.4 Low Gain, Medium Gain, and High Gain Antennas
B.5 Small Antennas
B.6 Reflector Antennas
B.7 Antenna Theory
B.8 Multiple Beam Antennas
B.9 Phased Arrays
B.10 Phase Shifters
References
Acknowledgment
Appendix C Complementary Error Function erfc(x) and Q FunctionQ(z)
C.1 Equivalence Formulas and Tables of Values
References
D.1 Sampling
D.2 Bandpass Sampling
D.3 Digital Transmission
D.4 Nonuniform Quantization: Compression and Expansion
D.5 Reducing the Bandwidth of Digital Signals
References
Appendix D Digital Transmission of Analog Signals
Index