โ Scribed by Smith, E. Lester
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
Wlien I wiis liouourcd by tlic invitation to rcad, a papcr on suponificiition before this Society, I spent soinc tiiiic trying to fiud n title that \vould cover the whole of the ficld I wislied to discuss. I found this to he iuipossiblc, so I niust ask you to bcar witli me if I first dc:d briefly with snponificatiou in systenis that nrc not particularly colloidal, nnmcly, alcoliolic saponifications. I shall, howcvcr, restrict inysclf to saponificntion in the literal scnsc of the word, ic., tlie conversion of oils and fats into sotips, so tlmt I shall not considcr n t all tho liydrolysis of cstcrs of short-chin acids nor thc splitting of fnts to glyccrol aiid iiitty acids.
I propose to wcavc lily talk nround three fallacies that liavc persistccl in the literature on saponification. Tliesc nrc : ((1) the bclief t h n t glyccridcs as such can be saponified by alcoholic alkali ; (6) that sodium cthylatc is n Iiydrolytic ngcnt ; (c) that siponification with aqueous alkali is prcdominantly nil iiitcrfacc rcaction. It is instructivc to noticr. that in cnch case the fallacy iirosc through taking for gruntcd soiiictliiug that sceined so obvious as not to iiccd i n V ~S t i ~~i t i 0 1 1 . I slid1 consider thew tlirec fallacies in turn.
First, what happons in the alcoholic stipoiiificntion of oils? IVVhcn an oil is mixed with alcohol nncl cithcr soda or potash, soiucwhnt in csccss of tlic tlicorctical cquivalcnt, and thc mixture boilcd for nbout half nn hour, saponificntion is foiind to liuve tnkcii placc. Tlic fiolution coiitaius sonp aiid glyccrinc, and i t sccins obvious that thc reaction has taken place in occordnncc with thc forinultt (I) : CH,OOC.R C!Z1,OH (I) CHO0C.R + Xi1101+-> CH01.1 -/-:111*C00K11 CH ,OOC.R CH ,OH 111 actual fact, probably tlic niuount of hydrolysis occurring in nccordancc with this reaction is rclatircly insignificant. What hnppcns to tbc bulk of the oil is thnt alcoliolysis prcccdcs hydrolysis, so tlmt tlic renotion procccds in two stngcs, in nccordnncc with tlic forninlm IJ nnd I11 : c11 ,ooc.n CH,011 (NaOll)' (11) CI1OOC.R + 3JStOH-% CHOH + 31t.COO'EL C1iL100C'*R CH,OH (III) : ~. C ' O O I S ~ -1-:livlloir -> :ietoir -1-3R*c!ooN11
๐ SIMILAR VOLUMES
on moist finos, nnd tho totnl cost for roasting low-grndo mntcrinl docs not oxcccd 80 conts pcr ton. I n plncos whcro nctunl sniclting is cloiio by rovcrbcrntory, it mny bc possiblc to UYO tho wwtc hcnt of thc lettcr for cnrrying out a slllphntising ronst, as a smclting rcvcrborntory rcqiiircs nn in
Structural contributions to colloidal particle interactions are investigated for hard sphere solvents and compared with dispersion contributions.