Salinity, chloride, and density relationships in ion enriched Onondaga Lake, NY
✍ Scribed by Steven W. Effler; Keith Schimel; Frank J. Millero
- Publisher
- Springer Netherlands
- Year
- 1986
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 538 KB
- Volume
- 27
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0049-6979
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
✦ Synopsis
The relationship between salinity (S), chlorinity (C1) and density (d) for the ion polluted (S = 3 to 4.5%0) and stratified Onondaga Lake are presented. The data base includes 220 determinations of the major ionic components collected from ten equally spaced depths. The salinity (S) and ionic strength (I) in the lake can be estimated from S = 1.85 C1 -0.28, where C1 is in g kg-x and I = 1.456 [C1-] -0.039, where [C1] is in mmol L-1. Due to the high concentration of Ca 2÷ in the lake, the seawater equation of state (Chen and Millero, 1977a) could not be used to estimate reliable densities for the lake (AdN 100 × 10-6gcm-3). A reliable equation of state for Onondaga Lake was derived from the composition data
where do is the density of water (g cm-3), A v is a temperature dependent parameter related to the infinite dilution apparent molal volumes and B~ is related to the ion-ion interactions of the lake salts. The high ionic content of the lake depresses the temperature of maximum density to 3.18 °C and alters the stratification of the lake. The salinity component of the stratification represents 40 % of the total density stratification. * Contribution No. 40 of the Upstate Freshwater Institute, Inc.