S3D Dashboard: Exploring Depth on Large Interactive Dashboards

✍ Scribed by Florian Weidner

• Publisher: Springer Vieweg
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 217
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Over the last decades, the interior of cars has been constantly changing. A promising, yet unexplored, modality are large stereoscopic 3D (S3D) dashboards. Replacing the traditional car dashboard with a large display and applying binocular depth cues, such a user interface (UI) could provide novel possibilities for research and industry. In this book, the author introduces a development environment for such a user interface. With it, he performed several driving simulator experiments and shows that S3D can be used across the dashboard to support menu navigation and to highlight elements without impairing driving performance. The author demonstrates that S3D has the potential to promote safe driving when used in combination with virtual agents during conditional automated driving. Further, he present results indicating that S3D navigational cues improve take-over maneuvers in conditional automated vehicles. Finally, investigating the domain of highly automated driving, he studied how users would interact with and manipulate S3D content on such dashboards and present a user-defined gesture set.

✦ Table of Contents

Acknowledgements
Abstract
Kurzfassung
Contents
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
Part I About This Thesis
1 Introduction
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Objectives & Research Approach
1.4 Summary of Research Contributions
1.5 Readers Guide
2 Background
2.1 The Human Visual System & Depth Perception
2.2 Stereoscopic 3D Displays
2.3 Driving Simulation
2.4 Manual & Automated Driving
3 Related Work
3.1 In-car Interaction
3.2 Visual Displays
3.3 S3D User Interfaces
3.3.1 S3D Across Domains
3.3.2 Automotive S3D UIs
3.4 Challenges of in-car User Interfaces
3.5 Implications & Summary
Part II Design & Development of S3D Dashboards
4 Prototyping S3D Automotive UIs
4.1 Problem Statement
4.2 On Automotive UI Prototyping Environments
4.3 The Environment Simulation
4.4 The Buck
4.5 Discussion
4.5.1 Simulator Fidelity
4.5.2 Graphics Fidelity
4.5.3 Requirements
5 Design Space for S3D Dashboards
5.1 Problem Statement
5.2 On the Design of S3D UIs Inside and Outside the cars
5.3 Study Design
5.3.1 Apparatus
5.3.2 Procedure
5.3.3 Sample
5.4 Results
5.5 Discussion
Part III Case Studies & Applications
6 S3D for Change Detection and System Control
6.1 Problem Statement
6.2 Study Design
6.2.1 Apparatus
6.2.2 Procedure
6.2.3 Sample
6.2.4 Measures
6.3 Results
6.3.1 Experiment 1—Change Detection
6.3.2 Experiment 2—List Selection
6.4 Discussion
6.4.1 S3D for Change Detection and System Control
6.4.2 Limitations & Future Work
7 Using S3D for Trust and Social Presence
7.1 Problem Statement
7.2 On Trust in Virtual Anthropomorphized Agents
7.2.1 Trust
7.2.2 Anthropomorphism
7.3 Study Design
7.3.1 Procedure
7.3.2 Apparatus
7.3.3 Sample
7.3.4 Measures
7.4 Results
7.4.1 Control Variables
7.4.2 Behavioral Trust
7.4.3 Self-reported Trust
7.5 Discussion
7.5.1 Evaluation of the agent
7.5.2 The agent and trust
7.5.3 Limitations & Future Work
8 Urgent Cues While Driving: S3D Take-over Requests
8.1 Problem Statement
8.2 On Mental Workload and Take-over Notifications
8.2.1 Mental Workload While Driving
8.2.2 (Directional) Take-over requests
8.3 Study Design
8.3.1 Procedure
8.3.2 Driving Simulator
8.3.3 Pre-study: Take-over Notification
8.3.4 Measures
8.3.5 Sample
8.4 Results
8.4.1 Simulator Sickness Questionnaire
8.4.2 User Experience Questionnaire
8.4.3 Glance Behavior
8.4.4 Non-driving related task Performance: n-Back-Rate
8.4.5 Workload
8.4.6 Take-over Performance
8.5 Discussion
8.5.1 Perception of the system
8.5.2 Workload (H1)
8.5.3 Type of Visualization and Location (H2)
8.5.4 Binocular Depth Cues (H3)
8.5.5 Limitations & Future Work
9 A User-elicited Gesture Set
9.1 Problem Statement
9.2 On NDRTs and In-Car Interaction
9.3 Study Design
9.3.1 Procedure
9.3.2 Apparatus
9.3.3 Measures
9.3.4 Sample
9.4 Results
9.4.1 Interaction Techniques
9.4.2 Agreement
9.4.3 Co-agreement
9.4.4 The User-Defined Gesture Set
9.5 Discussion
9.5.1 Gesture Set
9.5.2 Limitations & Future Work
Part IV Summary & Outlook
10 Discussion: On the Potential of S3D Dashboards
10.1 Design and Development of S3D Dashboards
10.2 Applications for S3D Dashboards
10.2.1 Driver Distraction
10.2.2 S3D For Trust
10.2.3 Take-Over Notification
10.3 Interaction Techniques for S3D Dashboards
11 Conclusion & Future Work
11.1 Summary of Results
11.2 Recommendations for Future Work
11.2.1 Novel and More Accessible Display Types
11.2.2 Expand The Scope: Novel Use-Cases
11.2.3 Communication
11.2.4 Real-world Driving Studies
11.3 Supporting Research Articles
Bibliography