✍ Scribed by Ajay Kaushal; Prerna Bansal; Ritu Vishnoi; Nitin Choudhary; Davinder Kaur
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
Sn 1Àx Mn x O 2 thin films SQUID Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis a b s t r a c t Sn 1Àx Mn x O 2 (x ¼ 0.01-0.05) thin films were synthesized on quartz substrate using an inexpensive ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique. The influence of doping concentration and substrate temperature on structural and magnetic properties of Sn 1Àx Mn x O 2 thin films was systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of these films reflect that the Mn 3+ ions have substituted Sn 4+ ions without changing the tetragonal rutile structure of pure SnO 2 . A linear increase in c-axis lattice constant has been observed with corresponding increase in Mn concentration. No impurity phase was detected in XRD patterns even after doping 5 at% of Mn. A systematic change in magnetic behavior from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic was observed with increase in substrate temperature from 500 to 700 1C for Sn 1Àx Mn x O 2 (x ¼ 0.01) films. Magnetic studies reveal room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) with 3.61 Â10 À4 emu saturation magnetization and 92 Oe coercivity in case of Sn 1Àx Mn x O 2 (x ¼ 0.01) films deposited at 500 1C. However, paramagnetic behavior was observed for the films deposited at a higher substrate temperature of 700 1C. The presence of room-temperature ferromagnetism in these films was observed to have an intrinsic origin and could be obtained by controlling the substrate temperature and Mn doping concentration.
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