Background. The detection of synchronous tumors, whether they be second primaries or distant metastases, in patients with head and neck carcinoma drastically affects prognosis and may alter management. Computerized tomographic (CT) scanning of the chest is an effective screening investigation in this group of patients, both in the detection of synchronous second primary tumors, the incidence of which in this study is 15%, and for accurate staging of metastatic pulmonary disease. The incidence of synchronous tumors in patients who are initially seen with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been reported in large retrospective studies as being between 1% and 3%. These may be either second primary tumors or metastases, and the lung is the commonest site for both.
Methods. Eighty-one head and neck cancer patients (67 primary and 14 secondary referrals) treated at the Royal Liverpool University Hospital between 1994 and 1996 underwent CT scanning of the chest with ultrasound of the liver as part of their routine staging. The results were compared with standard chest x-rays also performed in each patient.
Results. Fourteen patients had pulmonary tumors detected on the chest CT scan. In 67 patients, the scan was negative. Patients with negative scans tended not to have neck node metastases (64%), whereas patients with positive scans were much more likely to have neck node metastases with negative necks