Abstract
The aim of this study is to characterize rituximabโinduced interstitial lung disease (RโILD). The information on all reported cases of RโILD was reviewed. This analysis focused on patient characteristics, underlying disease, rituximab dosing schedule, and RโILD characteristicโlike symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Sixteen cases of RโILD, including our two cases, have been reported in the literature. Commonalities include older age, clinical presentation, computerized tomography findings, pulmonary function tests, and biopsy findings. Therapy included corticosteroids and broad spectrum antibiotics. Prognosis has been variable. Patients who worsen despite corticosteroids have a poor outcome. The pathogenesis of RโILD is largely unknown. Potential explanations for RโILD may include the induction and release of cytotoxic substances. RโILD is a rare but potentially fatal pulmonary toxicity due to rituximab. RโILD should be considered in patients who present with dyspnea, fever, and cough, and there is no clear evidence of infection. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with corticosteroids is essential. Am. J. Hematol. 82:916โ919, 2007. ยฉ 2007 WileyโLiss, Inc.