RFID Design Fundamentals and Applications

✍ Scribed by Albert Lozano-Nieto

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2010
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 269
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

RFID is an increasingly pervasive tool that is now used in a wide range of fields. It is employed to substantiate adherence to food preservation and safety standards, combat the circulation of counterfeit pharmaceuticals, and verify authenticity and history of critical parts used in aircraft and other machinery—and these are just a few of its uses. Goes beyond deployment, focusing on exactly how RFID actually works RFID Design Fundamentals and Applications systematically explores the fundamental principles involved in the design and characterization of RFID technologies. The RFID market is exploding. With new and enhanced applications becoming increasingly integral to government and industrial chain supply and logistics around the globe, professionals must be proficient in the evaluation and deployment of these systems. Although manufacturers provide complete and extensive documentation of each individual RFID component, it can be difficult to synthesize and apply this complex information—and users often must consult and integrate data from several producers for different components. This book covers topics including: Types of antennas used in transponders Components of the transponder, memory structure and logic circuits Antennae for RFID interrogators Types of modulation Organization and characteristics of commercial transponders Communication links Modes of operation for transponders operating at different frequencies Principles of arbitration and anti-collision Commands used by transponders This powerful reference helps to resolve this dilemma by compiling a systematic overview of the different parts that make up the whole RFID system, helping the reader develop a clear and understanding of its mechanisms and how the technology actually works. Most books on RFID focus on commercial use and deployment of the technology, but this volume takes a different and extremely useful approach. Directed toward both professionals and students in electronics, telecommunications, and new technologies, it fills the informational void left by other books, illustrating specific examples of available semiconductors and integrated circuits to clearly explain how RFID systems are configured, how they work, and how different system components interact with each other.

✦ Table of Contents

RFID: Design Fundamentals and Applications......Page 2
RFID: Design Fundamentals and Applications......Page 3
Dedication
......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 10
About the Author......Page 12
1.1 Basics of RFID......Page 14
1.2 Passive versus Active RFID Systems......Page 18
1.3 Functional Classification of RFID Transponders......Page 19
1.4 Applications and Frequency Selection......Page 20
Contents......Page 26
2.1.1 Antennas for RFID Transponders Operating in the LH and HF Regions......Page 27
2.1.2 Inductance of Coil Antennas Operating in the LF and HF Regions......Page 30
2.1.3 Antennas for RFID Transponders Operating in the UHF Region......Page 37
2.2 Antenna Tuning for RFID Transponders......Page 42
2.3 Antenna Matching for RFID Transponders......Page 46
2.4 Antennas in Commercial RFID Transponders......Page 50
2.5 The Connection between the Chip and the Antenna in RFID Transponders......Page 56
2.6 Additional Factors That Affect the Performance of Antennas in RFID Transponders......Page 60
Contents......Page 62
3.1.1 Radiofrequency Stage......Page 63
3.1.2 Power Management......Page 67
3.2.1 Signal Encoding......Page 70
3.2.2 Modulation and Demodulation......Page 72
3.3.1 Data Memory......Page 79
3.3.2 Cyclic Redundancy Check for Error Detection......Page 88
3.4 Transponder Programming......Page 90
3.5 Summary of Electrical Specifications for RFID Transponders......Page 92
3.6 Mechanical Considerations and Transponder Assembly......Page 94
Contents......Page 98
4.1.1 Design of Antennas for HF and LF Interrogators......Page 99
4.1.2 Antenna Matching......Page 109
4.1.3 Multiple Antenna Systems......Page 116
4.2.2 Antenna Multiplexers......Page 117
4.2.3 Preamplifiers......Page 118
4.3.1 Design of Antennas for UHF Interrogators......Page 119
4.3.2 Transmission Lines and Connectors for UHF Interrogators......Page 124
4.4.1 Antennas for RFID Interrogators......Page 127
4.4.2 Tuning Boards for Interrogator Antennas......Page 129
Contents......Page 132
5.1 Transmitter and Receiver......Page 133
5.2.1 Amplitude- Shift Keying ( ASK) Modulation......Page 139
5.2.2 Frequency- Shift Keying ( FSK) Modulation......Page 140
5.2.3 Phase- Shift Keying ( PSK) Modulation......Page 142
5.3 Long- Range Considerations......Page 146
5.4.1 No Synchronization at the Interrogator Level......Page 147
5.4.2 Wireless Synchronization......Page 148
5.4.5 Master– Slave Synchronization......Page 150
5.4.6 Carrier Phase Synchronization......Page 152
5.5.1 Interrogators for LF RFID Systems......Page 153
5.5.1.1 Radiofrequency Modules......Page 154
5.5.1.2 Control Module......Page 157
5.5.2 Interrogators for HF RFID Systems......Page 162
5.5.3 Single- Chip Interrogators......Page 163
6.1 TIRIS Bus Protocol: Texas Instruments......Page 168
6.2 ASCII Protocol for TIRIS Interrogators: Texas Instruments......Page 172
6.3 S eries 2000 Micro- Reader System: Texas Instruments......Page 173
6.4.2 Host Protocol for Tag- it ™ Series 6000 Reader System Interrogators......Page 179
Contents......Page 190
7.1.1 Communication Protocols for Systems Operating in the LF and HF Ranges......Page 191
7.1.2 Communication Protocols for Systems Operating in the UHF Range......Page 194
7.2.1 Elements of the Communications Link......Page 197
7.2.2 Forward Link......Page 199
7.2.3 Return Link......Page 202
7.3.1 Transponders Operating in the LF and HF Bands......Page 204
7.3.2 Transponders Operating in the UHF Bands......Page 206
7.4.1 Principles of Arbitration......Page 209
7.4.2 Principles of Anticollision......Page 210
7.4.3 Deterministic Anticollision Procedures......Page 212
7.4.4 Aloha- Based Anticollision Procedures......Page 213
Contents......Page 216
8.1.1 Commands Supported by the TIRIS Bus Protocol......Page 217
8.1.2 Commands Supported by the ASCII Bus Protocol......Page 222
8.2.1 Commands Supported by the TIRIS Protocol for Series 6000 Interrogators......Page 227
8.2.2 Commands Supported by HF Tag- It Transponders......Page 233
8.3 Command Supported by Texas Instruments Series 4000 Multifunction Interrogators......Page 242
8.3.1 Commands Supported by Tag- It Transponders......Page 243
8.4 Commands for the Texas Instruments UHF Gen 2 Protocol......Page 248
8.5.1 Commands Supported by LF Atmel ® Transponders......Page 259
8.5.3 Commands Supported by UHF Atmel ® Transponders......Page 260
2.1 Application Notes from Atmel......Page 266
3.1 Application Notes from Microchip......Page 267
4.2 Reference Guides from Texas Instruments......Page 268
4.3 Data Sheets from Texas Instruments......Page 269