RF Components and Circuits

✍ Scribed by Joe Carr

• Publisher: Newnes
• Year: 2002
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 417
• Edition: 1st
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Some basic knowledge of electronics is assumed, but the essential features of RF are fully described, including the important topic of receiver dynamic which is often overlooked in basic textbooks. The theory and circuit descriptions are geared towards genuine design applications rather than the oversimiplifications and skeleton circuits of many college texts. During his career, the late Joe Carr was one of the world's leading writers on electronics and radio, and an authority on the design and use of RF systems. Whether you are looking for a complete self-study course in RF technology, or a concise reference text to dip into, this book has the solution. A complete course in understanding and designing RF circuits Practical design knowhow from a world-class author

✦ Table of Contents

Remembering Joe Carr, K4IPV......Page 15
Preface......Page 17
Part 1 Introduction......Page 19
What this book covers......Page 21
Repetitive signals......Page 23
Fourier series......Page 27
Waveform symmetry......Page 29
Transient signals......Page 35
Sampled signals......Page 36
Noise......Page 39
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or Sn)......Page 45
Noise factor (FN)......Page 47
Noise temperature ( Te)......Page 48
Noise reduction strategies......Page 49
Example......Page 50
Signals, noise and reception......Page 52
The reception problem......Page 53
Strategies......Page 55
Origins......Page 56
Superheterodyne receivers......Page 57
Heterodyning......Page 60
Receiver performance factors......Page 62
dBm......Page 63
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or Sn)......Page 64
Sensitivity......Page 65
Selectivity......Page 68
Front-end bandwidth......Page 70
Image rejection......Page 71
IF bandwidth......Page 72
IF passband shape factor......Page 73
Stability......Page 75
Dynamic performance......Page 76
Intermodulation products......Page 77
Third-order intercept point......Page 78
Dynamic range......Page 80
Cross-modulation......Page 81
IF notch rejection......Page 82
Internal spurii......Page 83
Part 2 Circuits......Page 85
4 RF amplifiers......Page 87
Transistor gain......Page 88
Common emitter circuits......Page 90
Transistor biasing......Page 91
Collector-to-base bias......Page 92
RÒ C EMI/RFI protection......Page 0
JFET and MOSFET connections......Page 93
JFET preselector......Page 94
MOSFET preselector......Page 97
Broadband RF preamplifier for VLF, LF and AM BCB......Page 99
Types of push-pull RF amplifiers......Page 102
Actual circuit details......Page 104
Broadband RF amplifier (50 ohm input and output)......Page 106
Linear-vs-non-linear mixers......Page 109
Simple diode mixer......Page 112
Image......Page 113
IF feedthrough......Page 114
High-order spurs......Page 115
Mixer distortion products......Page 116
Third-order intercept point......Page 117
Mixer losses......Page 119
Noise balance......Page 120
Single-ended active mixer circuits......Page 121
Balanced active mixers......Page 122
Gilbert cell mixers......Page 131
Passive double-balanced mixers......Page 132
Diplexers......Page 134
Bandpass diplexers......Page 135
Image reject mixers......Page 140
VHF/UHF microwave mixer circuits......Page 142
Feedback oscillators......Page 143
General types of RF oscillator circuits......Page 144
Piezoelectric crystals......Page 146
Crystal packaging......Page 147
Oven-controlled crystal oscillators......Page 151
Miller oscillators......Page 152
Pierce oscillators......Page 154
Butler oscillators......Page 156
Colpitts oscillators......Page 161
Overtone oscillators......Page 163
Frequency stability......Page 165
Thermal isolation......Page 167
DC power supply......Page 168
Coil-core processing......Page 171
Capacitor selection......Page 172
Varactors......Page 173
Frequency synthesizers......Page 175
Output section......Page 177
Automatic level control (ALC)......Page 178
IF filters: general filter theory......Page 179
Crystal filters......Page 183
Crystal ladder filters......Page 185
Mechanical filters......Page 188
SAW filters......Page 189
Filter switching in IF amplifiers......Page 191
Amplifier circuits......Page 192
Cascode pair amplifier......Page 193
Coupling to block filters......Page 196
MC-1590 circuit......Page 197
Successive detection logarithmic amplifiers......Page 198
AM envelope detectors......Page 203
Double sideband (DSBSC) and single sideband (SSBSC) suppressed carrier demodulators......Page 208
FM and PM demodulator circuits......Page 215
Ratio detector......Page 218
Pulse counting detector......Page 222
Quadrature detector......Page 224
Part 3 Components......Page 225
Units of capacitance......Page 227
Circuit symbols for capacitors......Page 229
Mylar dielectric capacitors......Page 230
Ceramic dielectric capacitors......Page 231
Other capacitors......Page 232
Variable capacitors......Page 233
Air variable main tuning capacitors......Page 235
Special variable capacitors......Page 238
Differential capacitors......Page 239
Variable capacitor cleaning note......Page 240
Varactor tuning circuits......Page 241
Temperature compensation......Page 246
Varactor applications......Page 248
Inductor circuit symbols......Page 250
Inductance and inductors......Page 251
Inductance of a single straight wire......Page 252
Combining two or more inductors......Page 253
Air-core inductors......Page 254
Adjustable coils......Page 255
Amidon Associates coil system......Page 257
Materials used in cores......Page 258
Powdered iron......Page 259
Making the calculations......Page 260
Toroid cores......Page 262
Example......Page 264
Inductors and transformers......Page 265
Broadband RF transformers......Page 267
Counting turns......Page 269
Winding styles......Page 270
Mounting multiple coils......Page 272
Special mounting methods......Page 274
Binocular cores......Page 275
Winding styles on binocular cores......Page 277
Winding a binocular core......Page 278
Ferrite rods......Page 279
Bobbing along with a bobbin......Page 281
Ferrite beads......Page 282
Mounting ferrite beads......Page 284
Vectors for RF circuits......Page 285
Series resonant circuits......Page 288
Parallel resonant circuits......Page 289
Tuned RF/IF transformers......Page 291
Construction of RF/IF transformers......Page 292
Bandwidth of RF/IF transformers......Page 294
The RF amplifier/antenna tuner problem......Page 299
Example......Page 300
The local oscillator (LO) problem......Page 301
Trimmer capacitor method......Page 302
Impedance matching in RF circuits......Page 303
Transformer matching......Page 304
Resonant transformers......Page 305
Resonant networks......Page 306
-network......Page 307
Split-capacitor network......Page 308
Transistor-to-transistor impedance matching......Page 309
Characteristics of splitter/combiner circuits......Page 311
Resistive splitter/combiner......Page 312
Transformer splitter/combiner......Page 313
Mismatch losses......Page 316
Modified VSWR bridge splitter/combiner......Page 317
Transmission line splitter/combiners......Page 319
90 degree transmission line splitter/combiner......Page 321
RF hybrid couplers......Page 323
Combining signal sources......Page 324
Transmitter/receiver isolation......Page 325
Quadrature hybrids......Page 327
RF directional couplers......Page 330
Conclusion......Page 334
13 Monolithic microwave integrated circuits......Page 335
Internal circuitry......Page 337
Basic amplifier circuit......Page 338
Other MAR-x circuits......Page 339
Multiple device circuits......Page 345
Broadband HF amplifier......Page 351
Part 4 Measurement and techniques......Page 353
VSWR method......Page 355
Voltage divider method......Page 357
Signal generator method......Page 358
Frequency shifted oscillator method......Page 360
Using RF bridges......Page 362
Maxwell bridge......Page 363
Hay bridge......Page 364
Finding parasitic capacitances and inductances......Page 365
Conclusion......Page 368
Types of RF power measurement......Page 369
Thermistor RF power meters......Page 370
Bolometers......Page 371
Self-balancing bridge instruments......Page 373
Thermocouple RF power meters......Page 374
Diode detector RF power meters......Page 376
Practical in-line bridge circuits......Page 378
Micromatch......Page 379
Monomatch......Page 381
The Bird Thruline sensor......Page 382
Calorimeters......Page 384
Absolute flow calorimeters......Page 385
Micropower and low power measurements......Page 388
Mismatch loss and mismatch uncertainty......Page 390
Filter circuits......Page 392
Feedthrough capacitors......Page 395
General guidelines......Page 398
17 Noise cancellation bridges......Page 399
A simple bridge circuit......Page 401
Bibliography......Page 406
Index......Page 409