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Responsible AI: Best Practices for Creating Trustworthy AI Systems

✍ Scribed by CSIRO, Qinghua Lu, Liming Zhu, Jon Whittle, Xiwei Xu


Publisher
Addison-Wesley Professional
Year
2023
Tongue
English
Leaves
314
Edition
1
Category
Library

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✦ Synopsis


AI systems are solving real-world challenges and transforming industries, but there are serious concerns about how responsibly they operate on behalf of the humans that rely on them. Many ethical principles and guidelines have been proposed for AI systems, but they're often too 'high-level' to be translated into practice. Conversely, AI/ML researchers often focus on algorithmic solutions that are too 'low-level' to adequately address ethics and responsibility. In this timely, practical guide, pioneering AI practitioners bridge these gaps. The authors illuminate issues of AI responsibility across the entire system lifecycle and all system components, offer concrete and actionable guidance for addressing them, and demonstrate these approaches in three detailed case studies.

Writing for technologists, decision-makers, students, users, and other stake-holders, the topics cover:

  • Governance mechanisms at industry, organisation, and team levels
  • Development process perspectives, including software engineering best practices for AI
  • System perspectives, including quality attributes, architecture styles, and patterns
  • Techniques for connecting code with data and models, including key tradeoffs
  • Principle-specific techniques for fairness, privacy, and explainability
  • A preview of the future of responsible AI

✦ Table of Contents


Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
About the Author
Part I: Background and Introduction
1 Introduction to Responsible AI
What Is Responsible AI?
What Is AI?
Developing AI Responsibly: Who Is Responsible for Putting the “Responsible” into AI?
About This Book
How to Read This Book
2 Operationalizing Responsible AI: A Thought Experiment—Robbie the Robot
A Thought Experiment—Robbie the Robot
Who Should Be Involved in Building Robbie?
What Are the Responsible AI Principles for Robbie?
Robbie and Governance Considerations
Robbie and Process Considerations
Robbie and Product Considerations
Summary
Part II: Responsible AI Pattern Catalogue
3 Overview of the Responsible AI Pattern Catalogue
The Key Concepts
The Multifaceted Meanings of Responsible
Varied Understandings of Operationalization
The Duality of Trust and Trustworthiness
Why Is Responsible AI Different?
A Pattern-Oriented Approach for Responsible AI
4 Multi-Level Governance Patterns for Responsible AI
Industry-Level Governance Patterns
G.1. RAI Law and Regulation
G.2. RAI Maturity Model
G.3. RAI Certification
G.4. Regulatory Sandbox
G.5. Building Code
G.6. Independent Oversight
G.7. Trust Mark
G.8. RAI Standards
Organization-Level Governance Patterns
G.9. Leadership Commitment for RAI
G.10. RAI Risk Committee
G.11. Code of RAI
G.12. RAI Risk Assessment
G.13. RAI Training
G.14. Role-Level Accountability Contract
G.15. RAI Bill of Materials
G.16. Standardized Reporting
Team-Level Governance Patterns
G.17. Customized Agile Process
G.18. Tight Coupling of AI and Non-AI Development
G.19. Diverse Team
G.20. Stakeholder Engagement
G.21. Continuous Documentation Using Templates
G.22. Verifiable Claim for AI System Artifacts
G.23. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
G.24. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
Summary
5 Process Patterns for Trustworthy Development Processes
Requirements
P.1. AI Suitability Assessment
P.2. Verifiable RAI Requirement
P.3. Lifecycle-Driven Data Requirement
P.4. RAI User Story
Design
P.5. Multi-Level Co-Architecting
P.6. Envisioning Card
P.7. RAI Design Modeling
P.8. System-Level RAI Simulation
P.9. XAI Interface
Implementation
P.10. RAI Governance of APIs
P.11. RAI Governance via APIs
P.12. RAI Construction with Reuse
Testing
P.13. RAI Acceptance Testing
P.14. RAI Assessment for Test Cases
Operations
P.15. Continuous Deployment for RAI
P.16. Extensible, Adaptive, and Dynamic RAI Risk Assessment
P.17. Multi-Level Co-Versioning
Summary
6 Product Patterns for Responsible-AI-by-Design
Product Pattern Collection Overview
Supply Chain Patterns
D.1. RAI Bill of Materials Registry
D.2. Verifiable RAI Credential
D.3. Co-Versioning Registry
D.4. Federated Learner
System Patterns
D.5. AI Mode Switcher
D.6. Multi-Model Decision-Maker
D.7. Homogeneous Redundancy
Operation Infrastructure Patterns
D.8. Continuous RAI Validator
D.9. RAI Sandbox
D.10. RAI Knowledge Base
D.11. RAI Digital Twin
D.12. Incentive Registry
D.13. RAI Black Box
D.14. Global-View Auditor
Summary
7 Pattern-Oriented Reference Architecture for Responsible-AI-by-Design
Architectural Principles for Designing AI Systems
Pattern-Oriented Reference Architecture
Supply Chain Layer
System Layer
Operation Infrastructure Layer
Summary
8 Principle-Specific Techniques for Responsible AI
Fairness
T.1. Fairness Assessor
T.2. Discrimination Mitigator
Privacy
T.3. Encrypted-Data-Based Trainer
T.4. Secure Aggregator
T.5. Random Noise Data Generator
Explainability
T.6. Local Explainer
T.7. Global Explainer
Summary
Part III: Case Studies
9 Risk-Based AI Governance in Telstra
Policy and Awareness
Telstra’s Definition of AI
Awareness
Assessing Risk
Dimensions of Risk
Levels of Risk
Operation of the Risk Council
Learnings from Practice
Identifying and Registering Use Cases
Support from Technology Tools
Governance over the Whole Lifecycle
Scaling Up
Future Work
10 Reejig: The World’s First Independently Audited Ethical Talent AI
How Is AI Being Used in Talent?
Aggregating Siloed Data Across Multiple Sources
Providing Decision-Making Support at Scale
Reducing Unconscious Bias
What Does Bias in Talent AI Look Like?
Data Bias
Human Bias
Regulating Talent AI Is a Global Issue
US Legislation Being Introduced
European Legislation Being Introduced
Reejig’s Approach to Ethical Talent AI
Debiasing Strategies
How Ethical AI Evaluation Is Done: A Case Study in Reejig’s World-First Independently Audited Ethical Talent AI
Overview
The Independent Audit Approach
A Summary of the Results
Recognition and Impact
Project Overview
About the Reejig Algorithm
The Objectives of the Project
The Approach
The Ethical AI Framework Used for the Audit
Ethical Principles
Ethical Validation
Functional Validation
The Benefits of Ethical Talent AI
Building Stronger and More Diverse Teams by Removing Bias
Maintaining Privacy and Security
Demonstrating Leadership Against Competitors
Reejig’s Outlook on the Future of Ethical Talent AI
Reejig Has Led the Way in AI Ethics from Day One
A New Independent Audit of Reejig Is Already Underway
The Future of Workforce AI Will Unlock Zero Wasted Potential
11 Diversity and Inclusion in Artificial Intelligence
Importance of Diversity and Inclusion in AI
Definition of Diversity and Inclusion in Artificial Intelligence
Guidelines for Diversity and Inclusion in Artificial Intelligence
Humans
Data
Process
System
Governance
Conclusion
Human
Data
Process
System
Governance
Part IV: Looking to the Future
12 The Future of Responsible AI
Regulation
Education
Standards
Tools
Public Awareness
Final Remarks
Part V: Appendix
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z


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