Reservoir Engineering Handbook

✍ Scribed by Tarek Ahmed

• Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
• Year: 2002
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 1212
• Edition: 2
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

The job of any reservoir engineer is to maximize production from a field to obtain the best economic return. To do this, the engineer must study the behavior and characteristics of a petroleum reservoir to determine the course of future development and production that will maximize the profit. Fluid flow, rock properties, water and gas coning, and relative permeability are only a few of the concepts that a reservoir engineer must understand to do the job right, and some of the tools of the trade are water influx calculations, lab tests of reservoir fluids, and oil and gas performance calculations. Two new chapters have been added to the first edition to make this book a complete resource for students and professionals in the petroleum industry: Principles of Waterflooding, Vapor-Liquid Phase Equilibria. Covers reservoir fluid behavior and properties, including laboratory analysis and reservoir fluid flowProvides a guide to predicting oil reservoir performance through analysis of oil recovery mechanisms and performance calculationsExplains the fundamentals of reservoir engineering and their practical application through a comprehensive field study

✦ Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 21
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION......Page 22
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION......Page 23
CLASSIFICATION OF RESERVOIRS AND RESERVOIR FLUIDS......Page 25
PROPERTIES OF NATURAL GASES......Page 53
BEHAVIOR OF IDEAL GASES......Page 54
BEHAVIOR OF REAL GASES......Page 60
EFFECT OF NONHYDROCARBON COMPONENTS ON THE Z- FACTOR......Page 68
CORRECTION FOR HIGH-MOLECULAR WEIGHT GASES......Page 73
DIRECT CALCULATION OF COMPRESSIBILITY FACTORS......Page 78
COMPRESSIBILITY OF NATURAL GASES......Page 83
GAS FORMATION VOLUME FACTOR......Page 89
GAS VISCOSITY......Page 91
METHODS OF CALCULATING THE VISCOSITY OF NATURAL GASES......Page 92
PROPERTIES OF CRUDE OIL SYSTEMS......Page 98
METHODS OF CALCULATING VISCOSITY OF THE DEAD OIL......Page 133
METHODS OF CALCULATING THE SATURATED OIL VISCOSITY......Page 135
METHODS OF CALCULATING THE VISCOSITY OF THE UNDERSATURATED OIL......Page 136
PROPERTIES OF RESERVOIR WATER......Page 142
LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF RESERVOIR FLUIDS......Page 154
CONSTANT-COMPOSITION EXPANSION TESTS......Page 155
DIFFERENTIAL LIBERATION (VAPORIZATION) TEST......Page 167
SEPARATOR TESTS......Page 170
EXTRAPOLATION OF RESERVOIR FLUID DATA......Page 182
LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF GAS CONDENSATE SYSTEMS......Page 189
FUNDAMENTALS OF ROCK PROPERTIES......Page 207
POROSITY......Page 208
SATURATION......Page 213
WETTABILITY......Page 217
SURFACE AND INTERFACIAL TENSION......Page 218
CAPILLARY PRESSURE......Page 221
PERMEABILITY......Page 245
ROCK COMPRESSIBILITY......Page 272
NET PAY THICKNESS......Page 278
RESERVOIR HETEROGENEITY......Page 279
AREAL HETEROGENEITY......Page 292
RELATIVE PERMEABILITY CONCEPTS......Page 304
TWO-PHASE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY......Page 305
RELATIVE PERMEABILITY RATIO......Page 322
DYNAMIC PSEUDO-RELATIVE PERMEABILITIES......Page 325
NORMALIZATION AND AVERAGING RELATIVE PERMEABILITY DATA......Page 328
THREE-PHASE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY......Page 334
FUNDAMENTALS OF RESERVOIR FLUID FLOW......Page 345
TYPES OF FLUIDS......Page 346
FLOW REGIMES......Page 348
RESERVOIR GEOMETRY......Page 350
NUMBER OF FLOWING FLUIDS IN THE RESERVOIR......Page 353
FLUID FLOW EQUATIONS......Page 354
STEADY-STATE FLOW......Page 356
UNSTEADY-STATE FLOW......Page 387
CONSTANT-TERMINAL-RATE SOLUTION......Page 398
PSEUDOSTEADY-STATE FLOW......Page 427
PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION......Page 455
TRANSIENT WELL TESTING......Page 466
VERTICAL OIL WELL PERFORMANCEa......Page 497
HORIZONTAL OIL WELL PERFORMANCEa......Page 539
VERTICAL GAS WELL PERFORMANCEb......Page 557
HORIZONTAL GAS WELL PERFORMANCEb......Page 586
GAS AND WATER CONING......Page 593
CONING......Page 594
CONING IN VERTICAL WELLS......Page 597
BREAKTHROUGH TIME IN VERTICAL WELLS......Page 630
AFTER BREAKTHROUGH PERFORMANCE......Page 634
CONING IN HORIZONTAL WELLS......Page 639
HORIZONTAL WELL BREAKTHROUGH TIME......Page 648
WATER INFLUX......Page 660
CLASSIFICATION OF AQUIFERS......Page 661
RECOGNITION OF NATURAL WATER INFLUX......Page 664
WATER INFLUX MODELS......Page 665
OIL RECOVERY MECHANISMS AND THE MATERIAL BALANCE EQUATION......Page 741
PRIMARY RECOVERY MECHANISMS......Page 742
THE MATERIAL BALANCE EQUATION......Page 760
PREDICTING OIL RESERVOIR PERFORMANCE......Page 806
PHASE 1. RESERVOIR PERFORMANCE PREDICTION METHODS......Page 807
PHASE 2. RELATING RESERVOIR PERFORMANCE TO TIME......Page 846
GAS RESERVOIRS......Page 851
THE VOLUMETRIC METHOD......Page 852
THE MATERIAL BALANCE METHOD......Page 855
MATERIAL BALANCE EQUATION AS A STRAIGHT LINE......Page 866
ABNORMALLY PRESSURED GAS RESERVOIRS......Page 871
PRINCIPLES OF WATERFLOODING......Page 881
FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN WATERFLOODING......Page 882
OPTIMUM TIME TO WATERFLOOD......Page 887
EFFECT OF TRAPPED GAS ON WATERFLOOD RECOVERY......Page 889
SELECTION OF FLOODING PATTERNS......Page 899
OVERALL RECOVERY EFFICIENCY......Page 904
I. DISPLACEMENT EFFICIENCY......Page 905
II. AREAL SWEEP EFFICIENCY......Page 956
III. VERTICAL SWEEP EFFICIENCY......Page 1013
METHODS OF PREDICTING RECOVERY PERFORMANCE FOR LAYERED RESERVOIRS......Page 1030
VAPOR-LIQUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA......Page 1050
EQUILIBRIUM RATIOS......Page 1053
FLASH CALCULATIONS......Page 1057
EQUILIBRIUM RATIOS FOR REAL SOLUTIONS......Page 1061
EQUILIBRIUM RATIOS FOR THE PLUS FRACTION......Page 1074
APPLICATIONS OF THE EQUILIBRIUM RATIO IN RESERVOIR ENGINEERING......Page 1076
EQUATIONS OF STATE......Page 1108
APPLICATIONS OF THE EQUATION OF STATE IN PETROLEUM ENGINEERING......Page 1148
SPLITTING AND LUMPING SCHEMES OF THE PLUS- FRACTION......Page 1161
APPENDIX......Page 1189
INDEX......Page 1201