Cover
Title
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
Preface
Part I: Evidence-Based Practice
Chapter 1: Overview of Evidence-Based Practice
Introduction
EBP Definitions
Barriers and Facilitators
Evidence-Based Practice Competence and Competencies for Education and Practice
Competency/Competence Definitions
Existing EBP Competencies
Additional Evidence-Based Practice Competencies for Education and Practice
Proposed American Association of Colleges of Nursing Essentials Revisions
Summary
Suggested Learning Activities
References
Chapter 2: Searching for Evidence
Introduction
Phase IโPreparation and Planning
Phase IIโMining the Literature Databases
Phase IIIโBeyond the Literature Databases: Searching the Internet
Phase IVโPulling It All Together
Summary
Suggested Learning Activities
References
Chapter 3: Research and the Mandate for Evidence-Based Practice, Quality, and Patient Safety
Introduction
Shifts in Nursing Research Focus
Changes in Nursing Research
Overview: Research, Evidence-Based Practice, Quality, and Safety
Problems in Healthcare Quality
Quality and Evidence-Based Practice
Nursing Progression: Research Utilization and Evidence-Based Practice
Shift from Research Utilization to Evidence-Based Practice
National Competencies in Evidence-Based Quality Improvement
A Culture of Safety
Safety Models in Nursing
Risk Management Models
Practice Scholarship
Instruments, Tools, and Resources for Measuring Patient Safety
The Future of Quality Improvement and Safety Research
Quality Indicators, Measures, and Reporting
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's National Healthcare Quality Reports
Quality Indicators: The National Quality Forum
Selected Nursing Performance Quality Indicators
Key Initiatives Contributing to Nursing Quality and Safety
Summary
Suggested Learning Activities
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 4: Continuous Quality Improvement
The History of Quality Improvement in Healthcare
Defining Characteristics of Quality Improvement in Healthcare
Advanced Practice Registered Nurse Engagement in Quality Improvement
Quality Improvement Competencies for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses
Differences Among Research, Evidence-Based Practice, and Quality Improvement
Quality Improvement as the Central Component of the Nursing Inquiry Process
The Quality Improvement Process
Quality Improvement Models
FOCUS-PDCA Model
Summary
Suggested Learning Activity
References
Chapter 5: Establishing and Sustaining an Evidence-Based Practice Environment
Introduction
Infrastructure
Summary
Suggested Learning Activities
References
Part II: Building Blocks for Evidence
Chapter 6: Critical Appraisal of Evidence
Introduction
Title
Abstract
Background (Introduction) and Significance
Literature Review
Methods
Data Analysis
Findings and Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Limitations
Generalizability
Implications
Summary
Suggested Learning Activities
References
Additional Resources
Chapter 7: Identifying a Focus of Practice Inquiry
Introduction
Sources of Topics and Problems
Background
Significance
Purpose, Objectives, and Aims
Research Questions
Hypotheses
Variables
Summary
Suggested Learning Activities
References
Chapter 8: Conceptual and Theoretical Frameworks
Introduction
Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks
Classification of Theories
Components of Theories
Theory Evaluation
Theory/Practice/Research
Summary
Suggested Learning Activities
References
Chapter 9: Quantitative Designs for Practice Scholarship
Introduction
Study Variables
Measurement Properties
Understanding Data
Sampling
Study Design
Nonexperimental Designs
Quasi-Experimental Studies
Experimental Designs
Mixed Methods
Other Design Concepts
Sources of Bias in Quantitative Methods
Threats to Internal and External Validity
Implementing Research in the Clinical Setting
Data Analysis
Hypothesis Testing and Error
Power
Effect Size
Data Management
Using Clinical Research
Summary
Suggested Learning Activities
References
Chapter 10: Qualitative Approaches for Practice Scholarship
Introduction
Why Qualitative Research?
Types of Qualitative Research
Conducting a Qualitative Study
Design of Qualitative Studies
Summary
Suggested Learning Activities
References
Chapter 11: Sampling Methods
Introduction
Terminology
Methods: Sampling Procedures
Probability and Nonprobability Sampling
Related Concepts
Critical Appraisal of Sampling in Published Research
Sampling for Research Versus Quality Improvement Projects
Summary
Suggested Learning Activities
References
Chapter 12: Designing Questionnaires and Data Collection Forms
Introduction
General Considerations
Appearance and Format
Sections of the Questionnaire
Following the Development of the Questionnaire
Coding the Results
Summary
Suggested Learning Activities
References
Additional Readings
Chapter 13: Physiological and Psychological Data Collection Methods
Introduction
Physiological Data Collection Methods
Classification of Biomedical Instruments
Categories of Physiological Variables Detected by Biomedical Instruments
Components of the OrganismโInstrument System
Characteristics of Biomedical Instruments
Using Biomedical Instrumentation for Research Purposes
Summary
Psychosocial Data Collection Methods
Selection of Instruments
Instrument Development
Types and Characteristics of Instruments
Summary
Suggested Learning Activities
References
Part III: Using Available Evidence
Chapter 14: Literature Reviews
Introduction
Systematic Reviews
Definitions of Systematic Reviews
Highlights of the Evolution of Systematic Reviews
The Need for Systematic Reviews
Fundamentals of Systematic Reviews
Evaluating the Systematic Review as the Basis for Clinical Decision-Making
Beyond the Systematic Review
Summary
Suggested Learning Activities
References
Chapter 15: Program Evaluation
Introduction
Overview and Principles of Program Evaluation
Formative and Summative Evaluations
Use of Process and Outcome Data
Use of Qualitative and Quantitative Data
Steps in Program Evaluation
Planning and Conducting the Evaluation: Essential Steps
Summary
Suggested Learning Activities
References
Additional Resources
Chapter 16: Implementing Evidence-Based Practice
Introduction
Definition of Terms
Implementation Models
Diffusion of Innovations
Implementation Strategies
Designing Implementation Studies
Future Directions
Summary
Suggested Learning Activities
References
Part IV: Evaluating the Impact of Evidence-Based Practice, Ethical Aspects of a Study, and Communicating Results
Chapter 17: Cost as a Dimension of Evidence-Based Practice
Introduction
The Definition of Cost
Types of Cost
Measuring Cost
Types of Cost Analysis
Conducting the Cost Analysis
Special Considerations
Advanced Technique: Monte Carlo
Summary
Suggested Learning Activities
References
Chapter 18: Evaluation of Outcomes
Introduction
Definition and Introduction of Terms
Evaluating Outcomes
Stakeholder Support for Outcome Evaluation
Summary
Suggested Learning Activities
References
Chapter 19: Ethical Aspects of Practice Scholarship
Introduction
Review Committees
Levels of Review
Research Misconduct
Conflicts of Interest
Summary
Suggested Learning Activities
References
Web Resources
Chapter 20: Communicating Practice Scholarship Through Oral Presentation
Introduction
Preparing the Presentation
How to Develop Public Speaking Skills
Poster Presentations
Disseminating Research Findings Through Electronic Media
Summary
Suggested Learning Activities
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 21: Reporting Results Through Publications
Introduction
Starting the Process of Publication
Selection of Publication Venue
Successful Publishing
Journal Selection
Authorship
Constructing and Submitting the Manuscript
The Ethics of Dissemination
Summary
Suggested Learning Activities
References
Chapter 22: Exemplars of APRN-Led Initiatives
Introduction
Exemplar 1: Integration of Evidence-Based Practice at an Academic Medical Center
Exemplar 2: Engaging Long-term Care Residents in Walking Activity: A Quality Improvement Project
Exemplar 3: Fall Prevention Program in an Assisted Living Facility
Exemplar 4: Integration of an Advance Care Planning Model in Home Health
Summary
References
Index