Cover
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Springer
Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries
Copyright Page
Preface
Organisation
General chair
Programme and local chair
Workshops co-chairs
Tutorials co-chairs
Programme Committee
Reviewers
Local Organising Committee
Table of Contents
Research Papers
Optical Recognition
Information Retrieval
Metadata
Frameworks
Multimedia
Users
Papers Complementing Invited Talks
Short-Papers
Multimedia
Users in Digital Libraries
Information Retrieval
Internet Cataloguing
Technical Collections
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Special Workshop
Automatic Feature Extraction and Recognition for Digital Access of Books of the Renaissance
Introduction
Page Segmentation
Separanting Text from Non-text
Line Detection
Word Detection
Word Recognition
Word Length Threshold
Correlation between Words
Character ŒShape Code (CSC)
Ulam™s Distance (UD)
Character Segmentation (CS)
Results
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Content Based Indexing and Retrieval in a Digital Library of Arabic Scripts and Calligraphy
1 Introduction
2 Image Features Extraction
2.1 Low Level Feature Detection
2.2 Contours Extraction by Grouping Line or Curved Segments
3 Free Text Indexing
4 Visual Feedback
5 Evaluation
6 Conclusion
References
Ancient Music Recovery for Digital Libraries
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Basic Process of OMR
Image Pre-processing
1. Segmentation of Coloured Signs
2. Segmentation of Music Scores
Identification and Removal of Staff Lines
1. Finding the Staff Lines
2. Marking the Staff Lines
Object Segmentation
Identifying Bar Lines
Experimental Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Acknowledgements
References
Probabilistic Automaton Model for Fuzzy English-Text Retrieval
Introduction
Proposed Methods
Probabilistic Automata Construction
State Transition and Symbol Output Probabilities Estimation
Generation of State Sequences
Output Symbol Sequences
Score of the Expanded Terms
Experiments
Outline
Results
Conclusions
References
Associative and Spatial Relationships in Thesaurus-Based Retrieval
1 Introduction
2 OASIS Overview and Spatial Access Example
3 Semantic Distance Measures
4 RT Scenarios and Discussion
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Experiements on the Use of Feature Selection and Negative Evidence in Automated Text Categorization
Introduction
Issue in feature selection
Issues in instance-based classifier induction
Using negative evidence in inanstance-based classification
Experimental Results
Feature selection experiments
Classifier induction experiments
Conclusion and further research
References
The Benefits of Displaying Additional Internal Document Information on Textual Database Search Result Lists
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Previous Research
1.3 Problems in Finding Relevant Documents
2 Techniques for Displaying Search Results
2.1 List of Results Based on Information within the Document
2.1.1 Significant Sentences
2.1.2 Significant Words
2.1.3 Information from HTML Tag
2.1.4 Additional Information
2.2 List of Results Based on Information External to the Document
2.2.1 Classification of the Document
2.2.2 Cited Documents
2.2.3 Information from the Document™s Database
3 Format of the Study
3.1 Question of the Study
3.2 Hypotheses of the Study
3.3 Format of the Experiment
3.4 Study Population
3.5 Analysis of Results
3.6 Methods of Displaying Information Which Were Studied
4 Results
5 Conclusions
5.1 Direct Conclusions from the Assumptions of the Study
5.2 General Conclusions
6 Summary
7 Suggestions for Additional Studies
Acknowledgements
References
Interactive-Time Similarity Search for Large Image Collections Using Parallel VA-Files
Introduction
Related Work
Architecture for Parallel VA-Files
Architecture and Coordination
Data Placement
Partitioning of Subqueries
Performance Evaluation
Optimal Memory Exploitation
Partial vs. Full Replication of the Full Vector Data
Heterogeneous Environments
Conclusions
References
Dublin Core Metadata for Electronic Journals
Introduction
Dublin Core Metadata
Dublin Core in Practice
An Electronic Journals Application
Simple Element Mappings
Journal Article Citation Metadata
Journal Article Citation within MUP E-Journals
DC-Citation Recommendation
Author Name and Affiliation
Other Issues
Full Article Format and File Size
Journal Article Type
Language
Conclusion
References
An Event-Aware Model for Metadata Interoperability
Metadata Modularity and Interoperability
Event-Aware Metadata
The ABC Logical Model for Metadata Interoperability
Modeling Events Using the ABC Vocabulary
Resources
Events
Inputs and Outputs
Acts
Agents
Context
EventRel ations
Applying the Model to a Complex Object
Nex t Steps
Acknowledgements
References
QUEST – Querying Specialized Collections on theWeb
Introduction
Unifying Search Concepts
Selective Query Routing
Method
Experiments
Metadata Description
Architecture of QUEST
Conclusions
References
Personal Data in a Large Digital Library
Implementing a Reliable Digital Object Archive
Introduction
Components of an Archival Repository
Archival Repository Properties
Object Store
Indexing Digital Objects
Maintaining Index Consistency
Performance Measurements
Reliability Layer
Constructing Snapshots of the Replication Set
Detecting Object Corruption
Performance Measurements
The InfoMonitor
Related Work
Conclusions
References
Policy-Carrying, Policy-Enforcing Digital Objects
1 From Traditional Access Control to Flexible Policy Enforcement
2 Research Context
3 Policy-Carrying, Policy-Enforcing (PCPE) Digital Objects
3.1 Behavior-Oriented Policies
3.2 Specificity vs. Generalization
3.3 Decentralized Policy Management
3.4 Extensibility
3.5 Portability and Mobile Computing
4 Experiments: PCPE Digital Objects Using Fedora and PoET
4.1 Technical Overview: Fedora
4.2 Technical Overview: Policy Enforcement Toolkit (PoET)
4.3 Integration of Fedora and PoET
4.4 Experiment Results
5 Discussion
5.1 Future Work
5.2 Related Work
Acknowledgements:
References:
INDIGO —An Approach to Infrastructures for Digital Libraries
Introduction
Document Processing in Digital Libraries
Performing Orthogonal Operations
Architectures of Digital Libraries
Conclusion
INDIGO --- A New Approach
Document Methods
Meta Documents
Execution Server
Overall Architecture
INDIGO Prototype
Examples
Related Work
Conclusion and Future Work
Acknowledgements
References
Scalable Digital Libraries Based on NCSTRL/Dienst
Introduction
NCSTRL and Its Limitations
An Efficient Dienst Implementation
Database Schema
Search Server Architecture
Full Results Caching.
Full / Partial Results Caching.
Full / Incomplete Partial Caching.
Incomplete Partial Caching.
Experimental Results
Response Time
Browsing Time
Number of Hits
Conclusions and Future Work
References
OMNIS/2: A Multimedia Meta System for FLxisting Digital Libraries
Motivation
Current State and Demands
Related Work
Architectural Overview
Design Principles
Integration of External Systems
Implementation
Implementation Aspects of the Architecture
Proof of Concept
Meta Database Schema and Eciency
The Personalization and Filtering Feature
Further Activities
Conclusion
References
Modeling Archival Repositories for Digital Libraries
Introduction
Archival Problems and Solutions
Sources of Failures
Component Failure Avoidance Techniques
System-Level Techniques
Architecture of an Archival Repository
Archival Documents
Architecture of the Non-Fault-Tolerance Store
Architecture of the Archival System
Failure and Recovery Modeling
Modeling a Non-Fault-Tolerance Store
Modeling an Archival System
ArchSim: A Simulation Tool for Archival Repositories
Challenges in Simulating an Archival Repository
The Simulation Engine: ArchSim
ArchSim's Implementation
Case Study: MIT/Stanford TR Repository
Conclusions
References
Implementation and Analysis of Several Keyframe-Based Browsing Interfaces to Digital Video
Introduction
The Físchlár System
Dealing with a Large Amount of Temporal Data
Layeredness
The Provision of Temporal Orientation
Spatial vs. Temporal Visualisation
Using the 3-D Representation of Video Data to Specify Browsing Interfaces
Dimension Space and Six Físchlár Video Browsers
Layeredness and Físchlár Interfaces
The Provision of Temporal Orientation and Físchlár Interfaces
Spatial vs. Temporal Visualisation and Físchlár Interfaces
The Six Físchlár Interfaces in Dimension Space
Físchlár Video Browsing Interfaces and Characteristics
Six Físchlár Browsing Interfaces
Further Improvements and New UI Additions
Conclusion
Acknowledgements:
References
Functional and Intentional Limitations of Interactivity on Content Indexing Topics: Possible Uses of Automatic Classification and Contents Extraction Systems, in Order to Create Digital Libraries Databases
Introduction
What Kind of Articulation for Video Sequences?
The Automatic Picture Analysis
Automatic Pictures Sequences Recognition
Automatic Sound Recognition
Automatic Texts Recognition
Conclusion
Bibliographical Note
Bibliography
Interaction Profiling in Digital Libraries through Learning Tools
Introduction
Overview
A Learning Component Based on WEKA
The Learning Server: Interaction Profiling
Assigning User Classes
Experimental Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Acknowledgments.
References
DEBORA: Developing an Interface to Support Collaboration in a Digital Library
1 Introduction
2 Collaboration in Digital Libraries
2.1 Overview of Collaborative Work for Digital Libraries
Annotations.
2.2 Designing for New Ways of Working
3 Work Practice and Design Implications
3.1 Observations of the Use of Renaissance Documents
3.2. Current Collaborative Practices
3.3 Metadata
3.4 Design
4 The DEBORA Client
4.1 Client Interface
4.2 Collaboration and Metadata
5 Initial User Studies with the Client Interface
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Children as Design Partners and Testers for a Children's Digital Library
Digital Library Technology and Children
Participatory Design - Engaging Children as Design Partners
Design Choices
Provide Opportunity for Creation, Collaboration, and Engagement
Provide Workspace and Equal Opportunity for Flexibility and Manipulation of Search Results
Participatory Evaluation - Engaging Children as Testers
Initial Evaluation of Three Interface Designs
Ranking Design Features for Children's Digital Libraries
Design Lessons, Conclusions and On-going Work
Acknowledgements
References
Evaluating a User-Model Based Personalisation Architecture for Digital News Services
1 Introduction
2 Analysis of Other Systems
3 Modelling the Users
4 Information Filtering
4.1 Representing Information
4.2 Integrating Text Classification Tasks
4.3 Information Dissemination
5 Evaluation
User-Centred Evaluation
Evaluation of Observed User Profiles
5.3 System Evaluation
5.4 Results Discussion
6 Conclusions
References
Aging Links
Introduction
Evolution in Cooperative Link Scenarios
The Concept of Aging Links
The Aging Process
Computing Ages and Age Levels
Classification of Evolution-Indicating Events
Link Type Specific Evolution Dependencies
EvEnAge An XML-Based Service for Link Aging
The EvEnAge Service Architecture
Link Ages: Management and Rendering
EvEnAge Components
Related Work
Conclusions and Further Research
Acknowledgments
References
Core Elements of Digital Gazetteers: Placenames, Categories, and Footprints
1 Introduction
2 Current Status of Digital Gazetteers
3 Alexandria Digital Library Gazetteer
4 Nature of Placenames and Categories of Places
5 Georeferencing Places
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
The Application of an Event-Aware Metadata Model to an Online Oral History Archive
1 Introduction
2 The Harmony Event-aware Model for Metadata Interoperability
3 A Metadata Model for an Online Oral History Archive
3.1 Description of the Application
3.2 Applying the Harmony ABC Model
3.3 The Schema Representation
4 The MEGGIE Application
4.1 Inputting the Metadata
4.2 Saving the Metadata
4.3 Implementation of the Schema Mappings
5 The Search and Browse Interface
6 Comparisons, Conclusions, and Future Work
6.1 Comparisons and Conclusions
6.2 Future Work
Acknowledgements.
References
From the Visual Book to the WEB Book: The Importance of Good Design
1 Introduction
2 Visual Rhetoric
3 The Visual Book Experiment
4 Visual Book Findings and Analysis
5 The WEB Book Experiment
6 Design Issues for the WEB Book
7 The WEB Book: Findings and Analysis
8 Conclusions
References
Topic Detection in Read Documents
Introduction
System Outline
Topic Detection Experiments with BD_PÚBLICO
Conclusions and Future Work
Acknowledgements
References
Map Segmentation by Colour Cube Genetic K-Mean Clustering
1 Introduction
2 Genetic Clustering in Image Segmentation
3 K-Means Clustering Model
4 Genetic Implementation
5 Results, Conclusions, and Future Work
References
Spoken Query Processing for Information Access in Digital Libraries
Spoken Access to Digital Libraries
Spoken Query Processing
E ects of Word Recognition Errors in SQP
Techniques for Improving SQP
References
A Metadata Model for Historical Documentary Films
1 The Metadata Model
2 A Running Example
3 Concluding Remarks
References
Image Description and Retrieval Using MPEG-7 Shape Descriptors
The Context
The MPEG-7 Standard
An Application for MPEG-7 Shape Description and Retrieval
References
A Large Scale Component-Based Multi-media Digital Library System– Development Experience and User Evaluation –
1 Introduction
2 Software Components
3 System Design and Fabrication
4 User Evaluation
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Personalised Delivery of News Articles from Multiple Sources
Introduction
Existing News Delivery Systems
Personalised News Delivery Systems
Information Retrieval
User Interface
Evaluation
Concluding Remarks and Further Enhancements
References
Building a Digital Library of Web News
Overview
Architecture
Results
References
Automatically Detecting and Organizing Documents into Topic Hierarchies: A Neural Network Based Approach to Bookshelf Creation and Arrangement
Introduction
Creating Topic Hierarchies of Shelves
Walking through a Newspaper Archive
Conclusions
References
Daffodil: Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries
Introduction
Layered Architecture of Daffodil
The User Interface
Summary
References
An Adaptive Systems Approach to the Implementation and Evaluation of Digital Library Recommendation Systems
Evaluation of Recommendation Systems
Precision and Recall for Traditional IR
Evaluation of Recommendation Systems
Validity and Reliability with Shared Knowledge Structures
The Identification of User Communities
User Log Clusters
Conclusion
References
Are End-Users Satisfied by Using Digital Libraries?
1 Introduction
2 Findings
2.1 Types of Libraries
2.2 Definitions of DL from the Survey
2.3 Digital Library Components
2.4 Methods of Accessing Informatrion
2.5 Advantages
2.5 Disadvantages and Barriers
2.6 Improving Education
3 Impact of Electronic Copyright Laws
4 Conclusion
CAP7: Searching and Browsing in Distributed Document Collections?
Introduction
Gathering and Summarizing
IR/HT Engine
Status and Outlook
References
Representing Context-Dependent Information Using Multidimensional XML
Motivation and Approach
MXML Syntax and Semantics
Discussion and Future Work
References
AQUA (Advanced Query User Interface Architecture)
Introduction to AQUA
Rating Documents with AQUA
Summary
References
Fusion of Overlapped Result Sets
Introduction
Proposed Data Fusion Method
Implementation and Experimental Results
Discussion
References
ActiveXML: Compound Documents for Integration of Heterogeneous Data Sources
Introduction
ActiveXML
Online Web News Personalization with ActiveXML
Conclusions and Future Work
References
newsWORKS©, the Complete Solution for Digital Press Clippings and Press Reviews: Capture of Information in an Intelligent Way
1 Introduction
2 Main Concepts and Features
Recognition of Selected Articles.
Production of the Clipping
Primary and Bibliographic Indexing (Metadata)
Full-Text Recognition
Creation of Press Reviews
3 Conclusion
Effects of Cognitive and Problem Solving Style on Internet Search Tool
1 Introduction
2 Definition of Terms
2.1 Internet Search Tools Differences
2.2 Individual Differences
2.3 Usability
3 Related Studies
4 Conclusion
References
Follow the Fox to Renardus: An Academic Subject Gateway Service for Europe
Overview
Surveys of User Requirements and Use Case Scenarios
3 Evaluation of Broker Models in Related Projects
4 Service Scope, Data Model, and Technical Standards
5 Further Information and Opportunities for Participation
6 Conclusions
References
CORC: Helping Libraries Take a Leading Role in the Digital Age
Toolset for Selecting, Describing, and Maintaining Electronic Resources
Database
Tool for Building Pathfinders
Technology, Cooperation, and Librarianship
How Librarians are Using CORC
CORC and the Digital Age
Automatic Web Rating: Filtering Obscene Content on the Web
1 Introduction
2 Filtering Techniques
3 Corpus and Experimental Results
4 Conclusions
References
The Bibliographic Management of Web Documents in Digital and Hybrid Libraries
Introduction
Digital and Hybrid Libraries
1.2 The Web as Library
Web Management
Author-Based Management
Cataloger-Based Management
Change and Demise
Web Document Change
Web Page Demise
Conclusions
References
The Economic Impact of an Electronic Journal Collection on an Academic Library
1 Introduction
2 Development Stage
2.1 Wireless Technology Provides Access Anywhere
2.2 Development of Drexel's Electronic Journal Collection
3 Impact on Library Staffing and Other Costs
References
A Comparative Transaction Log Analysis of Two Computing Collections
Introduction
Data collection
Query complexity
User sessions
User acceptance of default settings
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
ERAM - Digitisation of Classical Mathematical Publications
Synopsis
Introduction
Structure and Enhancements of the JFM-Database
The Digital Archive
The Electronic Library in EMIS - European Mathematical Information Service
1 Preliminaries
2 The Electronic Library
3 The Links to the Databases
4 Future Developments
Model for an Electronic Access to the Algerian Scientific Literature: Short Description
References
A Digital Library of Native American Images
1 Introduction
2 Digital Library Requirements, Models, Systems, and Frameworks
3 Electronic Publishing and Economic Issues
4 Networking and Distributing Issues
5 Social Implications and Issues
6 Technical Information
7 Conclusion
China Digital Library Initiative and Development
1 Introduction
2 Overview of Current Research and Development on the Digital Library in China
3 Preparation and Construction of the Digital Library Resource Databases
3.1 Macro-Planning
3.2 Implementation
4 Problems Needed to be Solved
4.1 Understanding of the Characteristics of Digital Library Project
4.2 Government Funding
4.3 Utilization of Mature Technology
4.4 Markup of Object Data
4.5 Cooperation of Information Collection and Storage Centers
4.6 Virtuous Circle of the Fund
4.7 Standardization
4.8 Legal Issues
5 Conclusion
References
Appropriation of Legal Information: Evaluation of Data Bases for Researchers
1 Introduction
2 Our Experimentation
3 Recommendations
3.1 Content of the Data Bases
3.2 Functionalities
3.3 Recovery and Exploitation of the Results
3.4 Workstation
4 Conclusion
References
Publishing 30 Years of the Legislation of Brazil´s São Paulo State in CD-ROM and Internet
Electronic Dissemination of Statistical Information at Local Level: A Cooperative Project between a University Library and Other Public Institutions
Background
The Project: Objectives, Method, and Activities
Specific Objectives and Services of the Library
Comments
Building Archaeological Photograph Library
1 Introduction
2 Archaeological Photograph Library Project
2.1 Target
2.2 System Design
3 Designing Metadata of the Archaeological Photograph Library
4 Database and Browsing
Conclusion
References
EULER – A DC-Based Integrated Access to Library Catalogues and Other Mathematics Information in the Web
1 Synopsis
2 Objectives and Structure of the EULER-Project
3 The EULER Partners
4 Current Achievements of the EULER-Project
Decomate: Unified Access to Globally Distributed Libraries
Introduction
The Mediator Architecture of Decomate
The Broker
The Multi-protocol Server (MPS)
The Result Optimiser (RO)
Personalised Services
Current Awareness
Document Requester
Authentication and Authorisation
The Concept Browser
References
MADILIS, the Microsoft Access-Based Digital Library System
Introduction
Digital Library Criteria
Design Considerations
Low Cost
Scalability
Technical Simplicity
Leveraging Electronic Content: Electronic Linking Initiatives at Arizona State University
Background
2 The Problem
3 SilverLinker at ASU Libraries
4 ISILINKS
5 What We Have Learned and Other Observations
Leveraging
Eliminating Intermediate User Steps
Maximizing the Web Model
Problems with Standards
Authentication
Performance Problems
Lost in Cyberspace?
Asian Film Connection: Developing a Scholarly Multilingual Digital Library – A Case Study
Background
Plan for a Digital Library
Collaboration with the Center for Software Engineering
Promotional Website and Prototype Phase
Funding
Social Aspects
Conclusions
Useful URLs
Conceptual Model of Children’s Electronic Textbook
1 Introduction
2 E-Book Models
2.1 Children™s E-Book Conceptual Model
2.1.1 Structural Components
2.1.2 Content Presentation Components
3 Conclusion
References
An Information Food Chain for Advanced Applications on the WWW
Introduction
The Information Food Chain
Related Work and Conclusion
An Architecture for a Multi Criteria Exploration of a Documents Set
Introduction
Architecture
Application on an Environmental Document Set
Conclusion and Perspectives
References
An Open Digital Library Ordering System
Introduction
Description of the Ordering System
Customer Search and Selection
Ordering
Statistics
Advantages - Future Extensions
Special NKOS Workshop on Networked Knowledge Organization Systems
Objectives
Workshop Content and Structure
Overview
Workshop Topics
Digital Library Requirements for Knowledge Organization Schemas:
Digital Library Requirements for Knowledge Based Data Processing:
Digital Library Requirements for Knowledge Structuring and Management:
Digital Library Requirements for Access to Knowledge Structures:
Communities Involved:
Expected Participants
Implementing Electronic Journals in the Library and Making them Available to the End-User: An Integrated Approach
1 The Context: Strategies for Implementing Electronic Journals
2 A Strategy to Implement Electronic Journals
3 Viewing Electronic Journals
References
Author Index
978-3-540-45268-3_13_OnlinePDF.pdf
Implementing a Reliable Digital Object Archive
Introduction
Components of an Archival Repository
Archival Repository Properties
Object Store
Indexing Digital Objects
Maintaining Index Consistency
Performance Measurements
Reliability Layer
Constructing Snapshots of the Replication Set
Detecting Object Corruption
Performance Measurements
The InfoMonitor
Related Work
Conclusions
References
978-3-540-45268-3_18_OnlinePDF.pdf
Modeling Archival Repositories for Digital Libraries
Introduction
Archival Problems and Solutions
Sources of Failures
Component Failure Avoidance Techniques
System-Level Techniques
Architecture of an Archival Repository
Archival Documents
Architecture of the Non-Fault-Tolerance Store
Architecture of the Archival System
Failure and Recovery Modeling
Modeling a Non-Fault-Tolerance Store
Modeling an Archival System
ArchSim: A Simulation Tool for Archival Repositories
Challenges in Simulating an Archival Repository
The Simulation Engine: ArchSim
ArchSim's Implementation
Case Study: MIT/Stanford TR Repository
Conclusions
References