Reliable differences in brain activity between young and old adults: A quantitative meta-analysis across multiple cognitive domains
✍ Scribed by R. Nathan Spreng; Magdalena Wojtowicz; Cheryl L. Grady
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 2010
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 675 KB
- Volume
- 34
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0149-7634
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
✦ Synopsis
We conducted a systematic review of the neuroimaging literature examining cognition in old and young adults and quantified these findings in a series of meta-analyses using the activation likelihood estimation technique. In 80 independent samples, we assessed significant convergent and divergent patterns of brain activity across all studies; where task performance was equated or different between age groups; and in four specific cognitive domains (perception, memory encoding, memory retrieval and executive function). Age differences across studies predominantly involved regions within the 'task-positive network' of the brain, a set of interconnected regions engaged during a variety of externally driven cognitive tasks. Old adults engaged prefrontal regions more than young adults. When performance was equivalent, old adults engaged left prefrontal cortex; poorly performing old adults engaged right prefrontal cortex. Young adults engaged occipital regions more than old adults, particularly when performance was unequal and during perceptual tasks. No age-related differences were found in the parietal lobes. We discuss the reliable differences in brain activation with regards to current theories of neurocognitive aging.