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This book introduces the reliability modelling and optimization of warm standby systems. Warm standby is an attractive redundancy technique, as it consumes less energy than hot standby and switches into the active state faster than cold standby. Since a warm standby component experiences different failure rates in the standby state and active state, the reliability evaluation is challenging and the existing works are only restricted to very special cases. By adapting the decision diagrams, this book proposes the methodology to evaluate the reliability of different types of warm standby systems and studies the reliability optimization. Compared with existing works, the proposed methods allow the system to have an arbitrary number of components and allow the failure time distribution of components to observe arbitrary distributions. From this book, the readers can not only learn how to evaluate and optimize the reliability of warm standby systems but also use the methods to study the reliability of other complex systems.
Preface
About This Book
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Redundancy and Standby
1.2 Development of Standby System Reliability Modeling
1.2.1 Reliability Modeling of Repairable Warm Standby System
1.2.2 Reliability Modeling of Non-repairable Warm Standby System
1.2.3 Reliability Optimization Design of Standby System
References
2 Related Concepts in Reliability Modeling of Warm Standby Systems
2.1 Reliability Models for Warm Standby Component
2.2 Common Structures for Warm Standby Systems
2.3 Imperfect Fault Coverage
2.4 Decision Diagram
2.4.1 Binary Decision Diagram
2.4.2 Multi-Valued Decision Diagram
2.4.3 Decision Diagram in Reliability Modeling
References
3 Reliability of k-Out-Of-n Warm Standby Systems
3.1 System Description
3.2 Component-Level BDD Models
3.3 System-Level BDD Construction
3.4 System Reliability Calculation
3.5 Numerical Examples
3.5.1 Warm Standby System with One Primary Unit and One Warm Standby Unit
3.5.2 Storage System with Shared Standby Unit
3.5.3 Five-Unit Warm Standby System
References
4 Reliability of Demand-Based Warm Standby Systems
4.1 System Description
4.2 Decision Diagram Based on Failure Sequences
4.3 Construction of System-Level MDD
4.4 Derivation of System Reliability
4.4.1 Probability of Edge in System MDD
4.4.2 Bottom-Up System Reliability Calculation
4.4.3 Scale of the System MDD
4.5 Numerical Calculation of System Reliability
4.5.1 Decomposition of System MDD
4.5.2 Reassign of Edge Values in System MDD
4.5.3 Numerical Calculation of Occurrence Probabilities
4.5.4 Programs for Autatically System Reliability Calculation
References
5 Reliability of Warm Standby Systems with Imperfect Fault Coverage and Switching Failure
5.1 Reliability Model Under Perfect Switching
5.1.1 Variable Encoding and DFT Conversion
5.1.2 SMDD Construction
5.1.3 System Reliability Calculation
5.2 Case Study
5.2.1 Case Study One
5.2.2 Case Study Two
5.3 Imperfect Switching
References
6 Optimal Working Sequence in a 1-Out-Of-N Warm Standby System
6.1 System Reliability for a 1-Out-Of-n Warm Standby System
6.2 Optimal Component Working Order for a Two-Component System
6.2.1 Optimal Working Component Order Maximizing the Expected System Lifetime
6.2.2 Optimal Working Component Order Maximizing the System Reliability
6.3 Optimal Component Working Order in General 1-Out-Of-N System
6.3.1 Optimal Working Component Order Maximizing the Expected System Lifetime
6.3.2 Optimal Working Component Order Maximizing the System Reliability
6.4 Conclusion
References
7 Reliability Evaluation for Demand-Based Warm Standby Systems Considering Degradation Process
7.1 Introduction
7.2 System Descriptions and Assumptions
7.3 Reliability Evaluation Utilizing the MSDD Technique
7.3.1 The Construction of System MSDD
7.3.2 System Reliability Evaluation Based on MSDD
7.3.3 Complexity Analysis of the Proposed MSDD-based Method
7.4 Numerical Studies
7.4.1 Example 1: Exponential Distribution
7.4.2 Example 2: Weibull Distribution
7.4.3 Example 3: DB-WSS with 10 Components
7.4.4 Example 4: DB-WSS for the Power Generation System
7.5 Conclusion
References
8 Reliability of Demand-Based Warm Standby System with Common Bus Performance Sharing
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Model Description for the DBWSS with Common Bus Performance Sharing
8.3 Time-Varying Reliability Evaluation Based on MDD
8.3.1 The Construction of System MDD
8.3.2 System Reliability Evaluation Based on MDD
8.3.3 Complexity Analysis
8.4 Numerical Studies
8.4.1 Case 1: Exponential Distribution
8.4.2 Case 2: Weibull Distribution
8.4.3 Case 3: A DBWSS with Common Bus Consisting of 3 Subsystems
8.5 Conclusions
References
9 Reliability of Warm Standby Systems with Phased-Mission Requirement
9.1 System Description
9.2 Construction of System-Level Decision Diagram
9.3 Evaluation of System Reliability
9.4 Numerical Example
References
10 Reliability of Warm Standby Systems with Complex Structure
10.1 Warm Standby of Complex Structure
10.2 System Reliability
References
📜 SIMILAR VOLUMES
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